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Neuroscience Unit 4 > Homeostasis and Feeding Behavior > Flashcards

Homeostasis and Feeding Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

The active process of maintaining and particular physiological parameter relatively constant.

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2
Q

Set Point

A

The point of reference in a feedback system

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3
Q

Set Zone

A

Range of variable that a feedback system tries to maintain

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4
Q

Examples of a set zone

A

Temp, pH, [Na+], hormone levels, …

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5
Q

Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

A

Regulates Homeostasis

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6
Q

2 types of Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

A

Positive and Negative Feedback

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7
Q

Negative Feedback

A

V COMMON, Output of a system feeds back to reduce the effect of input signals

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8
Q

Pathway of Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

A

Stimulus, Receptor, Afferent Pathway, Integrating, Efferent Pathway, Effector, Response, Negative Feedback ->

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9
Q

Positive Feedback

A

V RARE, End products of an action causes more of the action to occur

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10
Q

Osmoregulation

A

Maintenance of constant balance of water and dissolved materials

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11
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive movement of water molecules from one place to another until uniform concentration is achieved

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12
Q

2 Triggers of Osmoregulation

A

Osmotic Thirst, Hypovolemic Thirst

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13
Q

Osmotic Thirst

A

Ingestion of Salty Foods, loss of water more than salt (sweat, urine).

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14
Q

Osmosensory Neurons of Hypothalamus

A

Osmoreceptors- Trigger Drinking

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15
Q

Hypovolemic Thirst

A

Decrease in overall volume of extracellular fluid (NOT A CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION)

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16
Q

Examples of hypovolemic thirst

A

Hemorrhage, Vomiting, Chronic Diarrhea

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17
Q

RAAS

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

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18
Q

Feeding

A

Needed to build, maintain, and fuel our bodies

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19
Q

Nutrients

A

Chemicals required for effective functioning, growth, and maintenance of our body

20
Q

Digestion

A

Process of breaking down ingested food

21
Q

Digestion Facts

A

33% of food lost via digestion; 55% of food consumed by basal metabolism; 12% of food for active behavioral processes

22
Q

Satiety Hormones

A

Insulin, Leptin

23
Q

Hunger Hormones

A

Grehlin, Orexin

24
Q

3 Sources of Energy

A

Protein, Carbohydrates, Fats

25
Q

What does protein break into?

A

Amino Acids

26
Q

What do carbohydrates break down into?

A

Glucose, then Glycogen

27
Q

Glucose

A

Principal sugar used by the body for energy, especially the brain

28
Q

Glycogeneisis

A

Insulin; Process of Glucose to Glycogen

29
Q

Glycogenlysis

A

Glucagon; Process of Glycogen to Glucose

30
Q

Glycogen

A

Short-term glucose storage for liver and skeletal muscles

31
Q

What do fats break down into?

A

Fatty Acids

32
Q

What kind of cells are Insulin

A

Beta Cells

33
Q

What kind of cells are Glucagon

A

Alpha Cells

34
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone produced by the pancreas which regulates amount of glucose in the blood

35
Q

What kind of diffusion does insulin use?

A

Facilitated Diffusion

36
Q

3 Gastric Phases

A

Cephalic, Gastric, Intestinal

37
Q

Cephalic Phase

A

Head; Sensory stimuli from food (SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE) releases insulin from pancreas

38
Q

Gastric Phase

A

GUT; Food enters stomach, releases gut hormones and also stimulates pancreas to increase insulin

39
Q

Intestinal Phase

A

Glucodetectors/Glucosensors detect glucose entering blood. Signal pancreas to release insulin.

40
Q

Leptin

A

A peptide hormone released by FAT cells. Suppresses food intake.

41
Q

Ghrelin

A

A peptide hormone released by the GUT. Appetite stimulant.

42
Q

Ghrelin Hormone Changes when…

A

Rise during Fasting, Decreases after meal eaten

43
Q

Gastric Sleeve

A

Reduces ghrelin to reduce hunger.

44
Q

LHA

A

Hunger center of the brain

45
Q

Aphagia

A

Cessation of eating

46
Q

Orexin Synonym

A

Hypocretin

47
Q

Orexin

A

Produced in HYPOTHALAMUS, stimulates hunger/appetite

Neuroscience Unit 4 (5 decks)

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