Neurodiversity Flashcards
name of the learning difficulty that primarily affects skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling
dyslexia
give some characteristic features of dyslexia
phonological awareness
verbal memory
verbal processing speed issues
a diagnosis of dyslexia can only be carried out by an appropriately qualified professional, name 2 such people
specialist teacher
educational psychologist
name of the specific and persistent difficulty in understanding numbers which can lead to a diverse range of difficulties with maths
dyscalculia
true or false, dyscalculia will be unexpected in relation to age, level of education and experience and occurs across all ages and abilities
true
diagnosis of dyscalculia should only be made following a diagnostic assessment that is carried out by an appropriately qualified individual, name 2 such people
specialist teacher
educational psychologist
full name of the condition that is shortened to DCD
dyspraxia development co ordination disorder
name of condition that effects physical coordination and causes a child to perform less well than expected in daily activities for their age and appear to move clumsily
dyspraxia
DCD is a medical diagnosis, what 3 things are required to make a diagnosis
medical history
observations
standardised tests
what might standardised tests for dyspraxia look at
movement
hand eye coordination
sensory perception
who usually makes a diagnosis of DND/ dyspraxia
Specially trained occupational therapist
although there is no cure for dcd what can be used to help children manage their difficulties
therapies, reasonable adjustments in school and world
describe some different therapies that may be used to help children manage their dnd/ dyspraxia
breaking activities into smaller parts
practicing regularly
adapting tasks
special pencil grips
name of disorder defined through analysis of behaviour where people show persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactive impulsivity that interferes with day to day function and or development
adhd
although there is no simple test to determine if someone has adhd, what can be used to make an accurate diagnosis
detailed assessment made by a specialist
list some different things that might be included in an adhd assessment
physical exam
series of interviews and obs
interviews from significant people
what is the purpose of a physical exam when diagnosing adhd
exclude other possible causes for symptoms
what significant people may be asked to provide a report about someones behaviour to form part of an adhd assessment
partners
parents
teachers
which questionnaire can be used to help collect interviews as part of an adhd diagnosis assessment
vanderbilt
adhd is a medical diagnosis and can be diagnosed by a specialist assessment completed by
specialist child or adult psychiatrist
paediatrician
appropriately qualified hcp with training in adhd diagnosis
signs and symptoms of adhd can be split into what 3 groups
hyperactivity
impulsivity
inattention
list some different symptoms of hyperactivity
constant fidgeting
unable to sit quietly in seat
running
climbing
difficulties relaxing
quick temper
list some different symptoms of impulsivity
Act without thinking
Blurt out answers
Saying wrong thing at wrong time
Guessing
list some different symptoms of inattention
lack of attention to detail
making careless mistakes
easily distracted
not listening
disorganisation
easily bored
what are the 5 different types of medication that are licensed for the treatment of adhd that address hyperactivity
methylphenidate
lisdexamfetamine
dexamfetamine
atomoextine
guanfacine
true or false medications for adhd will not cure it but may help someone improve their concentration, be less impulsive and feel calmer
true
some medications for adhd need to be taken everyday but some are taken just on school days, why are treatment breaks occasionally recommended
assess whether medicine still needed
what might melatonin be used for
sleep
what non pharmacological adjustments can be made to support with organisation
predictable routine
uncluttered environment
what non pharmacological adjustments can be made to help with behaviour management
agreed rules
recognise and praise effort and attainment
frequent feedback
what non pharmacological adjustments can be made to help support inattention and distractability
sensory diet
minimise waiting time
space to self regulate
sit away from distractions
task boards
non pharmacological adjustments that can be made for hyperactivity
breaks between tasks
break up tasks
fiddle toys
limit screen time
of lifelong development disability that affects how a person communicates with and related to other people and how they experience the world around them
autism
true or false, autism is not a neurological difference in brain development that has a marked effect on how a person develops
false
why can diagnosing autism be difficult
no medical test for diagnosis
what might professionals look at in children to make a diagnosis of autism
development history and behaviour
true or false, autism is a mutlidisciplinary diagnosis
true
made by professionals: speech and language therapist
educational psychiatrist
psychiatrist
the autism spectrum isnt linear and many people talk about the spikey profile, what does this mean
an autistic person could be a nuclear science expert but forget to brush their teeth or clean their clothes
what strategies can be used to support communication with autistic people
cue in by name
hobbies to engage
say less and slowly
repeat, dont rephrase
pause
less non verbal communication
be aware of environment
avoid irony and sarcasm
visuals to support
what strategies can be used to support social understanding in people with autism
use visuals
demonstrate
practise scripts
break down steps
use less non verbal comm
// workshop
adhd describes children who have difficulty in paying attention and whose behaviour is overactive and impulse. an imbalance of which hormone is thought to be prevalent which controls reflective thought
dopamine
what parent support strategies can you recommend for a child with adhd
clear routine
set boundaries
clear instructions
be positive
watch for signs
calm space
sleep
exercise
socialise
patience
medication for adhd can be offered in children and young people over x years old if they fulfil certain criteria
5
a course of what can be considered in young people with adhd who have benefitted from medication but whose symptoms are still causing significant impairment in at least one of the following domains:
social skills with peers
problem solving
self control
active listening
dealing with expressing feelings
CBT
for adhd management what is the first line measurement in people aged over 5 years
methylphenidate
under normal circumstances what brain structure regulates attention, behaviour and emotion
prefrontal cortex
what symptoms might be observed if there are deficits in the prefrontal cortex
poor impulse control
weak sustained attention
heightened distractability
how does methylphenidate stimulate the pre frontal cortex to help improve attention, behaviour and concentration
inhibits reuptake of dopamine and NAd
what hormone is produced naturally in the brain in response to darkness and helps maintain a health sleep wake cycle but may need to be prescribed for use in patients with adhd
melatonin
melatonin must be prescribed by an appropriate hcp, give one example
consultabt
give some counselling advice for melatonin/ Adaflex
dose taken 30-60 mins before bed
on an empty stomach 2 hrs before or after food
if miss a dose, wait until next day and give next dose as normal
