Neurodevelopmental Disorders | Situational Exam Flashcards
A child has trouble recognizing rhyming words, struggles with phonetics, and has difficulty breaking words into syllables while reading. These difficulties impact their reading fluency. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Specific Learning Disorder
B. Language Disorder
C. Speech Sound Disorder
D. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
A. Specific Learning Disorder
A 6-year-old frequently repeats syllables, prolongs sounds, and struggles to initiate words in conversation. These disruptions cause significant distress and avoidance of speaking situations. The symptoms worsen under stress but improve when singing or speaking in rhythm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Speech Sound Disorder
B. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
C. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
D. Autism Spectrum Disorder
C. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
A 3-year-old has significant delays in multiple areas, including speech, motor skills, and cognitive development. The child has trouble following simple instructions and has not met developmental milestones expected for their age. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Autism Spectrum Disorder
B. Global Developmental Delay
C. Specific Learning Disorder
D. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
B. Global Developmental Delay
A child has trouble understanding conversational norms, such as taking turns in conversations, staying on topic, and interpreting jokes or sarcasm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
B. Autism Spectrum Disorder
C. Language Disorder
D. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
A. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
A child consistently avoids eye contact, prefers playing alone, and has intense, repetitive interests such as memorizing train schedules. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Autism Spectrum Disorder
B. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
C. Intellectual Disability
D. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
A. Autism Spectrum Disorder
A child with normal intelligence struggles significantly in reading, writing, or mathematics, often performing below grade level despite additional instruction and support. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Specific Learning Disorder
B. Intellectual Disability
C. Autism Spectrum Disorder
D. Developmental Coordination Disorder
A. Specific Learning Disorder
A 7-year-old often responds inappropriately during conversations, takes things too literally, and does not understand social cues such as when someone is joking or using sarcasm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
B. Autism Spectrum Disorder
C. Language Disorder
D. Speech Sound Disorder
A. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
A 6-year-old has difficulty pronouncing certain sounds, frequently replacing or omitting them in speech, making it difficult for others to understand them. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Speech Sound Disorder
B. Language Disorder
C. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
D. Autism Spectrum Disorder
A. Speech Sound Disorder
A child frequently has difficulty completing daily tasks independently, struggles with adaptive functioning, and has lower-than-average intellectual abilities. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Intellectual Disability
B. Specific Learning Disorder
C. Autism Spectrum Disorder
D. Global Developmental Delay
A. Intellectual Disability
A child exhibits frequent, involuntary motor tics such as blinking, facial grimacing, and shoulder shrugging that have persisted for over a year. However, they do not have vocal tics. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
B. Tourette’s Disorder
C. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
D. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
A. Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
A child frequently stutters by repeating syllables, prolonging sounds, and struggling to initiate words. These speech disruptions cause frustration and impact social interactions. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
B. Speech Sound Disorder
C. Language Disorder
D. Specific Learning Disorder
A. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
A child frequently clears their throat, sniffs, and makes involuntary vocal noises. However, they do not have any motor tics. These symptoms have persisted for over a year. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
B. Tourette’s Disorder
C. Autism Spectrum Disorder
D. Speech Sound Disorder
A. Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
A child is highly intelligent but struggles with understanding the unwritten rules of social interactions. They have difficulty making friends and often seem awkward in conversations, but they do not engage in repetitive behaviors. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
B. Autism Spectrum Disorder
C. Language Disorder
D. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
A. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
A 6-year-old repeatedly bangs their head against the wall and bites their hands when frustrated, despite efforts from caregivers to stop the behavior. The behavior is not associated with a tic disorder. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
B. Autism Spectrum Disorder
C. Intellectual Disability
D. Developmental Coordination Disorder
A. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
A child frequently fidgets, gets up from their seat when they are expected to stay seated, and talks excessively, making it difficult for them to stay focused in class. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
B. Autism Spectrum Disorder
C. Specific Learning Disorder
D. Intellectual Disability
A. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
A child has poor motor coordination and struggles with catching a ball, riding a bike, and using utensils properly. Despite practice, they continue to struggle with these tasks. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Developmental Coordination Disorder
B. Intellectual Disability
C. Specific Learning Disorder
D. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
A. Developmental Coordination Disorder
A child struggles significantly with learning to read, displaying difficulty in decoding words, recognizing letter-sound correspondences, and understanding what they read. Their math and writing skills are on par with peers. Despite normal intelligence and sufficient educational exposure, reading remains a persistent challenge. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Specific Learning Disorder
B. Intellectual Disability
C. Autism Spectrum Disorder
D. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
A. Specific Learning Disorder
A 10-year-old exhibits an inability to understand social communication norms, such as maintaining eye contact, adjusting speech based on context, and interpreting figurative language. They struggle to infer meaning from conversations but do not display restricted interests or repetitive behaviors. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Autism Spectrum Disorder
B. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
C. Language Disorder
D. Specific Learning Disorder
B. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
A 6-year-old exhibits involuntary vocal tics, such as repeated sniffing and grunting sounds, but does not have any motor tics. These symptoms have persisted for over a year. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
B. Tourette’s Disorder
C. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
D. Autism Spectrum Disorder
A. Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
A child struggles with reading, frequently reversing letters, skipping words, and having difficulty decoding unfamiliar words. Despite intervention, these difficulties persist. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Specific Learning Disorder
B. Speech Sound Disorder
C. Intellectual Disability
D. Autism Spectrum Disorder
A. Specific Learning Disorder
A 9-year-old cannot sustain attention in tasks, frequently makes careless mistakes, and fails to complete assignments despite understanding the material. They seem distracted by irrelevant stimuli but do not exhibit impulsive or hyperactive behaviors. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Inattentive Type)
B. Specific Learning Disorder
C. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
D. Autism Spectrum Disorder
A. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Inattentive Type)
A child has difficulties in social interaction, insists on sameness, exhibits repetitive behaviors, and shows intense interest in specific topics. They struggle to understand emotions and engage in imaginative play. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
B. Autism Spectrum Disorder
C. Intellectual Disability
D. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
B. Autism Spectrum Disorder
A child frequently makes involuntary, repetitive hand movements like finger tapping and hand wringing, even when engaged in other activities. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
B. Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
C. Tourette’s Disorder
D. Autism Spectrum Disorder
A. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
A 9-year-old has extreme difficulty maintaining attention in class. They frequently lose their belongings, get distracted by minor noises, and make careless mistakes on assignments despite understanding the material. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
B. Specific Learning Disorder
C. Autism Spectrum Disorder
D. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
A. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
