Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
The first criterion in intellectual developmental disorder states that there must be deficits in intellectual functioning. What are these?
Problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experiences.
True or false. Deficits in intellectual functioning must be confirmed by both clinical assessments and individualized, standardize intelligence testing?
True
Criterion B of intellectual developmental disorder states that there must be deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and socio-cultural standards for what two areas?
Personal independence and social responsibility
What is the third and final criteria for intellectual developmental disorder?
Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits occur during the developmental period.
Why is the level of severity for intellectual developmental disorder based on adaptive functioning and NOT IQ scores?
Because IQ scores do NOT determine the level of support required.
Individuals with intellectual disability have scores of approximately how many standard deviation below the population mean?
Two standard deviation’s or more
Adaptive functioning involves adaptive reasoning in which three domains?
Conceptual or academic, social, and practical domains.
Is intellectual disability considered homogenous or heterogenous?
Heterogenous.
Intellectual disability has an overall general population prevalence of approximately how many percent?
1%.
True or false. Intellectual disability is considered generally nonprogressive?
True.
When is an individual diagnosed with global developmental delay instead of intellectual disability?
This diagnosis is reserved for individuals who are UNDER the age of five and were unable to undergo systematic assessment.
When is an individual diagnosed with unspecified intellectual disability instead of intellectual disability?
This category should only be used in exceptional circumstances and requires reassessment after period of time. the individual is OVER the age of five.
Persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities due to deficits in comprehension and production are a diagnostic feature of which disorder?
Language disorder.
Criterion A of language disorder states that there are persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across mobilities due to deficits in comprehension or production that include the following three categories. What are they?
Reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse.
Criterion D of language disorder states that the difficulties are not attributable to what impairments?
Hearing or other sensory impairments.
The child’s first words and phrases are likely to be delayed in onset, vocabulary size is smaller and less varied, sentences are shorter and less complex with grammatical errors. This describes which disorder?
Language disorder.
In language disorder which language impairments have a poor prognosis, and are more resistant to treatment.
Receptive language impairments.
Criterion A of which disorder states that there is a persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages?
Speech sound disorder.
The progression in mastering speech sound production should result in mostly intelligible speech by which age?
3.
How can you differentiate speech sound
from selective mutism?
Selective mutism may develop in children with a speech sound distorted because of embarrassment, however many children with selective mutism exhibit normal speech in “safe” settings.
Childhood-onset fluency disorder is also known as what?
Stuttering.
Criterion A of childhood-onset fluency disorder states that disturbances are in…
Normal fluency and patterning of speech that are inappropriate for age and language skills.
In childhood onset fluency disorder, normal fluency and time patterning are marked by one or more of the following?
Sound and syllable repetitions, prolongation of consonants and vowels. Broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with excess physical tension, and Monosyllabic word repetition.
Criterion B of childhood-onset fluency disorder states that the disturbance must cause what?
Anxiety about speaking or limitations in effective communication.
Childhood-onset fluency disorder has an age of onset between which ages?
2&7.
True or false. Dysfluencies start gradually in childhood-onset fluency disorder?
True.
The severity of fluency disorder at which age predicts the recovery and persistence rates?
8.
Social pragmatic communication disorder is characterized by persistent difficulties in what?
Social use of verbal and nonverbal communication
Criterion A of social pragmatic communication disorder states there are persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication as manifested by all of the following:
Deficits in using communication for social purposes. Impairment in ability to change communication to match context or needs of the listener. Difficulty following rules for conversation and storytelling. Difficulty understanding what is not explicitly stated.
A diagnosis of social pragmatic communication disorder is rare among children younger than what age?
4.
How can you differentiate social pragmatic communication disorder from autism spectrum disorder?
In autism spectrum disorder there will be restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior,interests, or activities.
How can you differentiate between social pragmatic communication disorder and social anxiety disorder?
Timing of the onset of symptoms. In social anxiety disorder the social communication skills developed appropriately but are not utilized because of anxiety, fear, or distress.
Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contacts. This includes the following:
Deficits in social emotional reciprocity. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors. Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
Autism spectrum disorder is also characterized by restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interest, or activities. This must include two of the following:
Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements. Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines and ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior. Highly restricted, fixated interested. And hyper-reactivity or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest and sensory aspects of the environment.
What other disorder is common to co-occur with autism spectrum disorder?
Intellectual disability.
True or false. The severity of autism spectrum disorder does not fluctuate by context or overtime?
False.
True or false. Receptive language may leg behind expressive language. Receptive and expressive skills should be considered separately.
True.
Motor deficits are often present in autism spectrum disorder. What does this include?
Odd gait, clumsiness, abnormal motor signs.
When are symptoms of autism spectrum disorder typically noticed?
Second year of life.
True or false. Autism spectrum disorder is not considered a Degenerative disorder.
True.
How can you differentiate between autism spectrum disorder and selective mutism?
In selective mutism social reciprocity is not impaired nor are restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior present.
How can you differentiate between autism spectrum disorder and language disorders?
Specific language disorder is not usually associated with abnormal nonverbal communication or restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior.
When is the only time you can diagnose someone with both autism spectrum disorder and stereotypic movement disorder?
When they cause self injury and became become a focus of treatment.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity – impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. In attention is met with six or more of the following symptoms.
Fails to give close attention to details and makes careless mistakes. Difficulty sustaining attention. Not seem to listen when spoken to directly. Not follow through on instructions and fails to finish task. Difficulty organizing tasks and activities. Avoid, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort. Loses things necessary for task completion. Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli. Forgetful in daily activities.
How long must symptoms persist for a diagnosis of ADHD?
Six months.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The hyperactivity and impulsivity subtype is characterized by six or more of the following symptoms?
Fidget with or tamps hands or feet or squirms in seat. Leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected. Runs about or climbs in situations where inappropriate. Unable to play engage in leisure activities quietly. “on the go” and “driven by a motor”. Talks excessively. Often blurts out. Difficulty waiting his or her turn. Interrupt or intrude on others.
Symptoms for a ADHD must be present prior to what age?
12.
How many settings must symptoms be present for in a ADHD?
2 or more.
True or false. Individuals with ADHD may have low frustration tolerance, irritability, or mood lability.
True.
What are the prevalence rates of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in child and adults?
5% in children and 2.5% in adults.
True or false. the main manifestation of a ADHD preschool years is hyperactivity and inattention during elementary school.
True.
True or false. Females are less likely than males to present primarily with in attentive features in ADHD.
False.
How can he ADHD be differentiated from bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder is rare in preadolescence.
How long must individuals have difficulties learning and using academic skills to be diagnosed with a specific learning disorder?
Six months.
True or false. Learning difficulties for persistent not transitory.
True.
How do you learning difficulties manifest in preschool children?
A lack of interest in playing games with language sound and having trouble learning nursery rhymes. They may also fail to recognize letters in their own names and have trouble recognizing words that rhyme.
Learning disorder and comorbidity with which other mental health disorder is predictive of worse mental health outcomes?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
What is the primary criteria for developmental coordination disorder?
Acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills is substantially below what is expected for chronological age and manifested in clumsiness, slowness and I accuracy of performance of motor skills
When can developmental coordination be diagnosed?
After age five.
Why can’t developmental coordination disorder be diagnosed before age five?
There is great variability in acquisition of motor skills
What are the first signs of development coordination disorder?
Delayed motor milestones.
What is the primary criteria for stereotypic movement disorder?
Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviors.
True or false. The behaviors in stereotypic movement disorder are rhythmical without adaptive functioning.
True.
Who is at greater risk for development of stereotypic movement disorder?
Individuals with severe intellectual disability.
Stereotypic movements typically begin when in life?
First three years of life.
How can you differentiate stereotypic movement disorder and Autism spectrum disorder?
Deficits in social communication and reciprocity are absent in stereotypic movement disorder
How can you differentiate stereotypic movement disorder and tick disorders?
Stereotypeies have an earlier age of onset. Are consistent and fixed in their pattern or topography. Stereotypies are more fixed, rhythmic, and prolonged in duration.
What is the definition of a tic?
A tic is a sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movement focalization.
Which tic disorder has both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics.
Tourette’s disorder.
How long must tics be present for to warrant diagnosis of Tourette’s disorder?
One years.
What is the age of onset for tic disorders?
Before the age of 18.
Which tic disorder is characterized by single or multiple motor or vocal tics, but not both?
Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal fix disorder.
What makes provisional tic disorder unique?
Tics are present for less then a year since first tix onset.
True or false. Tic disorders are hierarchal in order?
True.
What is he average age of onset for tic disorder?
Between four and six years.
True or false. Tics are not worsened by anxiety, excitement, and exhaustion.
False.
Which disorder is characterized by both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual social and practical domains?
Intellectual developmental disorder
