Bipolar and Related Disorders

Question 1

What is a manic episode for bipolar I disorder?

Answer 1

Abnormally and persistently elevated, expensive, or irritable mood and persistently increased goal directed activity or energy.

Question 2

To qualify as a manic episode how long must symptomology last for?

Answer 2

One week.

Question 3

What are the defining characteristics (7) of a manic episode?

Answer 3

• Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
• Decreased need for sleep
• More talkative or pressure to keep talking
• Flight of ideas/thoughts are racing
• Distractibility
• Increase in goal directed activity or psychomotor agitation
• Excessive involvement in activities with high potential for painful consequences.

Question 4

True or false. At least one lifetime manic episode is required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder?

Answer 4

True.

Question 5

What is the difference between a manic and hypomanic episode?

Answer 5

A hypomanic episode must last at least four consecutive days whereas a manic episode is a week duration.

Question 6

True or false. Someone can have psychotic features during a hypomanic episode.

Answer 6

False.

Question 7

For an individual to have a major depressive episodes, symptoms must be present for how long?

Answer 7

Same two week period.

Question 8

True or false. Major depressive episodes are required for a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What does the mood in a manic episode look like?

Answer 9

euphoric, excessively cheerful, “feeling on top of the world”.

Question 10

What is lability?

Answer 10

Rapid shifts in mood over brief periods of time

Question 11

What does a manic episode look like in children?

Answer 11

Happiness, silliness, goofiness. These qualities are recurrent, and inappropriate to the context and beyond what is expected for the developmental level of the child.

Question 12

How does an individual get diagnosed with bipolar II disorder ?

Answer 12

Must meet the criteria for current or last hypomanic episode and past or current major depressive episode.

Question 13

True or false. One can use the with seasonal pattern specifier on any type of bipolar episode?

Answer 13

False. It can only be used with depressive episodes.

Question 14

Do hypomanic episodes need to cause clinically significant distress?

Answer 14

No only depressive episodes do.

Question 15

True or false. Bipolar II is a milder form of a bipolar I disorder.

Answer 15

False.

Question 16

Which bipolar disorder has greater chronicity and typically spend more time in a depressive phase.

Answer 16

Bipolar II disorder.

Question 17

Can an individual have a hypomanic episode and receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder ?

Answer 17

No.

Question 18

What type if bipolar II disorder has the poorest prognosis.

Answer 18

Rapid cycling pattern.

Question 19

What is the most common co-occurring disorder with bipolar II disorder.

Answer 19

Anxiety disorders.

Question 20

What are the defining characteristic of cyclothymic disorder?

Answer 20

Numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a hypomanic episode. Numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode.

Question 21

How long must an individual have hypomanic and depressive symptoms for in order to be diagnosed with cyclothymic disorder.

Answer 21

Two years.

Question 22

During the two years of cyclothymic symptomology, symptoms are present half the time. How long can an individual go without having symptoms to qualify for this diagnosis?

Answer 22

No more than Two months.

Question 23

Which bipolar related disorder is defined as chronic, and fluctuating mood disturbances?

Answer 23

Cyclothymic disorder.

Question 24

True or false. If a person experiences symptoms that qualify for a major depressive or hypomanic episode, cyclothymic disorder remains the diagnosis.

Answer 24

False.

Question 25

When does cyclothymic disorder typically begin.

Answer 25

Adolescence or early adulthood.

Question 26

True or false. Cyclothymic disorder has an insidious onset and persistent course.

Answer 26

True.

Question 27

How does cyclothymic disorder get diagnosed in children?

Answer 27

Symptoms must last a year instead if two.

Question 28

What is the mean age at onset for child diagnosed cyclothymic disorder?

Answer 28

6.5 years.

Question 29

When is bipolar specified as with anxious distress?

Answer 29

Feeling keyed up or tense. Feeling unusually restless. Difficulty concentrating because of worry. Fear that something awful may happen. And feeling that one may lose control.

Question 30

For a manic or hypomanic episode to be specified as with mixed features what must be prominent?

Answer 30

* Prominent dysphoria or depressed mood * Diminished interest or pleasure * Psychomotor retardation * Fatigue or loss of energy * Worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt * Reoccurring thoughts of death.

Question 31

For a depressive episode to be Specified as with mixed features what must be present?

Answer 31

* Elevated, expansive mood * Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity * More talkative or pressure to keep talking * Flight of ideas-thoughts are racing * Increase in energy or goal directed activity * Excessive involvement in activities that have high potential for painful consequences * Decreased need for sleep.

Question 32

When does a bipolar disorder get rapid cycling specifier?

Answer 32

When there are at least four mood episodes in the previous twelve months.

Question 33

True or false. Bipolar episodes can happen in an combination or order.

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

Describe the melancholic specifier for bipolar disorder.

Answer 34

* Loss of pleasure * Lack of reactivity to usually pleasurable stimuli * The distinct quality of depressed mood characterized by despair, moroseness or empty mood * Depression that is worse in the morning * Early morning awakening * Psychomotor agitation or retardation * Anorexia or weight loss * Excessive or inappropriate guilt.

Question 35

What is included I the atypical specifier for bipolar related disorders.

Answer 35

Mood reactivity Two or more of the following: * Significant weight gain or increase in appetite * Hypersomnia * Leaden paralysis * Inter-personal rejection sensitivity.

Question 36

What is mood reactivity?

Answer 36

Capacity to be cheered up when presented with positive events.

Question 37

What is hypersomnia?

Answer 37

Extended periods of nighttime sleep or daytime napping that totals at least 10 hours per day.

Question 38

What are mood-congruent psychotic features?

Answer 38

Manic themes of grandiosity, and invulnerability.

Question 39

How long must a season pattern be present to have bipolar diagnosed with a seasonal pattern specifier.

Answer 39

Two years.

Question 40

True or false. In order to meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar I disorder one must have a manic episode.

Answer 40

True.

Question 41

What makes up an anxious distress bipolar presentation?

Answer 41

At least 2 of the following: * Feeling keyed up or tense * Feeling unusually restless * Difficulty concentrating because of worry * Fear that something awful may happen * Feeling that the individual might lose control of himself or herself. Severity specifiers: * Mild: 2 * Moderate: 3 * Moderate-severe: 4-5 * Severe: 4-5 with motor agitation

Question 42

What characteristics make up the specifier **with rapid cycling?**

Answer 42

* The presence of at least 4 mood episodes in 12 months that meet criteria for a full manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode * Episodes switch drastically from opposite polarity or have partial/full remission for 2 months.