Neurodevelopment Unit

Question 1

Dynamic Systems Theory

Answer 1

States that an individual uses all possible strategies to accomplish a task, and as physiological systems are modified, the motor behavior changes

Question 2

Developmental Time Period 
Infancy:  
Childhood:  
Adolescence: 
Early adulthood: 
Middle adulthood: 
Older adulthood:

Answer 2

Infancy: Birth to 2 years old
Childhood: 2 years to 10/12 (female/male)
Adolescence: 10/12 to 18/20 years (female/male)
Early adulthood: 18/20 to 40 years
Middle adulthood: 40 to 65 years
Older adulthood: 65 years to death

Question 3

Infancy

Answer 3

• Establishes trust with caregivers
• Sensory experiences used to learn about actions/ movements
• Uses sensory information to cue movement
• Uses movement to explore environment
• Therefore: house needs to be baby proofed!

Question 4

Childhood

Answer 4

• Develops initiative to plan and execute movement & to solve movement problems
• Uses language
• Progresses from pre-operational thought to concrete operational
• Tendency to be self centered.
• Building self image/ self esteem

Question 5

Adolescence

Answer 5

-A time of multiple changes
       >Physical, social, emotional
-Identity is forged
-Values embraced
-Progresses to formal operational thought– capable of abstract thinking

Question 6

Adulthood

Answer 6

• Secures identity
• Pursues goals
• Ready for complex decision making
• Multiple demands for time

Question 7

Late Adulthood

Answer 7

-Decline in various body systems.
-Increased incidence of certain pathologies
>Cataracts, glaucoma
>Cancer
>Pulmonary disease
-Psychological adjustments

Question 8

Piaget:

Answer 8

Cognition will affect the patients ability to understand your directions. Cognition may be affected by neurological deficit.

Question 9

Erikson:

Answer 9

previously resolved conflicts may re-emerge. Example: Identity vs. Role confusion. Adult man loses sense of self– physically, socially and sexually. Personality changes often occur with neurological deficit.

Question 10

Maslow

Answer 10

neurological deficit may result in loss of job. Patient becomes very concerned about physiological/ survival needs. Hard to focus on anything else.

Question 11

righting reaction

Answer 11

head control with midline

Question 12

equilibrium

Answer 12

trunk correction when off balance

Question 13

Protective

Answer 13

extremities involved with larger disturbance to correct balance

Question 14

Epigenesis

Answer 14

-Growth & development is sequential

> Some overlap- lower level skills are not perfect before progressing on to higher
Some children may skip a skill/ stage i.e. some will pull to stand and walk without creeping.

Question 15

Developmental Processes: growth, maturation, adaptations

Answer 15

Growth: Increase in dimension or proportion

Maturation: Physical changes that are due to pre-programmed internal body processes

Adaptation: The process by which environmental influences guide growth and development

Question 16

Milestones: Gross Motor

Answer 16

Head control
Segmental rolling
Sitting
Creeping 
Pull to Stand and Cruising
Walking

Question 17

Cognitive system: Changes frequently encountered:

Answer 17

Dual task performance
Word retrieval and recall
Rapid processing tasks

Question 18

Implications for Treatment

Answer 18

• Age related changes can affect patient’s ability to recover movement ability after a neurological event.
• changes in strength, flexibility, etc. can be partially reversed with exercise
• Need to consider prior level of function when planning treatment

-Elderly may be “deconditioned” prior to neurological event
&raquo_space;Response to exercise needs to be carefully monitored
HR, BP, O2, RPE, RR, Level of dyspnea