Neuro Anatomy Flashcards
Gray Matter= In CNS
unmyelinated axons, dendrites and cell bodies
White Matter= in CNS
myelinated axons
CNS when injured
dramatic effects on movement and thought processes
plays critical role in motor learning and motor planning
corpus callosum
joins two hemispheres:Outer gray matter
Inner white matter
Homunculus
Representation of body on brain tissue by specific location and function
Wernickes Area
temporal lobe, speech comprehension
a lesion here will result in RECEPTIVE aphasia
Brocas area
frontal lobe, expression of speech
lesion here results in EXPRESSIVE aphasia
Frontal:
- voluntary muscle contraction, initiation of movement
- Broca’s area-motor control of speech
- Personality, temper, judgment, reasoning, behavior, self awareness, executive functions
if injured: Contralateral weakness Perseveration, inattention Personality changes Impaired concentration, apathy Brocas aphasia Delayed or poor initiation
Parietal:
-Associated with sensation of touch, kinesthesia, vibration, temp, etc.
-Sensory info is received
>Provides meaning for objects
>Interprets language and words
>Spatial and visual perception
If injured: May see apraxia Contralateral sensory deficits Impaired language comprehension Impaired taste
Temporal
Primary auditory processing and olfaction
Wernicke’s area: ability to understand and produce meaningful speech (receptive)
Allows us to interpret other people’s emotions and reactions
if injured: Learning deficits, Receptive aphasia Antisocial aggressive behaviors Difficulty with facial recognition, memory, memory loss Inability to categorize information
Occipital
vision & processing of visual information
Judgment of distance, seeing in 3D
if injured:
Homonymous hemianopsia
Impaired extraocular movement and visual deficits
Impaired color recognition
Reading and writing impairment
Cortical blindness if bilateral occipital lobe involvement
Right hemisphere
Non-verbal, Artistic
Processes info in holistic way
Non-verbal communication
Tend to be good at fine arts; appreciate the artistically pleasing
negative emotions
Left hemisphere
Verbal, analytical
Processes info in sequential way
Produces & processes language
Tend to be good at math/ science
express positive emotions such as love and happiness
Internal capsule
descending fibers leave the motor area & travel through the internal capsule on the way to SC
Amygdala:
nuclei in the temporal lobe
Functions in emotional and social processing
Involved in fear & pleasure responses, arousal, processing of memory and formation of emotional memories.
Diencephalon
Thalamus:
Hypothalamus:
Thalamus
relay station for body sensations
Interprets crude sensory information
Damage can result in “thalamic pain syndrome”
hypothalamus
Primary role is homeostasis
Regulates body temperature, sugar & fat metabolism & water balance.
Primitive Drives for eating, sexual behavior, rage, aggression, emotion, thirst, hunger and sleep/ wake cycles.
Basal Ganglia:
coordination of motor movement, posture, muscle tone and control of motor responses
Limbic System
group of structures; governs emotions & memory based on emotions (pain, pleasure, etc.)
Reticular Activating System
diffuse group of cells that governs level of awareness
Cerebellum
Equilibrium, Regulation of muscle tone
Maintenance of Posture & Voluntary Motor Control
Muscle coordination, sequencing of movements, ability to do rapid alternating movements
Motor Learning
Brainstem
visual and auditory reflexes
respiratory center
vasomotor center
Reticular activating system is found within the midbrain, pons and medulla. Severe damage to the brainstem often results in brain death…
Decending motor tracts
- Corticospinal (anterior)
- Corticospinal (lateral)
