Neurodegenerative Disorders

Question 1

Depends on the ionic composition of neurons and depende on the specific ion and direction of the movement

Answer 1

Synaptic Potentials

Question 2

movement of ions that results in a depolarization of the
postsynaptic membrane

Answer 2

Stimulation/excitation

Question 3

Release of more excitatory NT, all-or-none action
potential

Answer 3

EPSP

Question 4

movement of ions that results in a hyperpolarization of
the postsynaptic membrane

Answer 4

Inhibition

Question 5

Excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 5

Glutamate and ACH

Question 6

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 6

GABA and glysine

Question 7

progressive loss of selected neurons in discrete brain areas, resulting in characteristic disorders of movement, cognition, or both.

Answer 7

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Question 8

blocks dopamine
⚬ pseudoparkinsonism

Answer 8

Phenothiazine, haloperidol

Question 9

Precursor, active constituent and prodrug of dopamine

Answer 9

Levodopa

Question 10

enhancing the synthesis of dopamine in the surviving neurons of the substantia nigra

Answer 10

Levodopa

Question 11

dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor
prevents premature metabolism of levodopa

Answer 11

Carbidopa

Question 12

taken at an empty stomach for faster absorption

Answer 12

Levodopa + Carbidopa

Question 13

high protein meals interfere with levodopa transport

Answer 13

Levodopa + Carbidopa

Question 14

Has an A/E in peripheral ■ anorexia, nausea, and vomiting occur because of stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Answer 14

Levodopa + Carbidopa

Question 15

Has an A/E in CNS. visual and auditory hallucinations and abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesias) may occur

Answer 15

Levodopa + Carbidopa

Question 16

5x more potentn than Selegiline

Answer 16

rasagiline

Question 17

metabolized to methamphetamine and amphetamine
Causes insomniainbeyondmid-afternoonadministration

Answer 17

Selegiline

Question 18

Has a little no effect hepatic necrosis

Answer 18

entacapone

Question 19

More wildy used and replaces tolcapone in the marker

Answer 19

entacapone

Question 20

Metabolize by largest cytochrome CYP450 1A2

Answer 20

Ropinirole

Question 21

half-life increased by Cimetidine

Answer 21

Pramipexole

Question 22

OD transdermal patch (up to 24 hours), prevents DA reuptake

Answer 22

Rotigotine
Apomorphine

Question 23

Firtly an antiviral used as a flu medication

Answer 23

Amantadine

Question 24

• if dopamine at maximum, no effect

Answer 24

Amantadine

Question 25

accidentally discovered that has an effect on can be anti parkinsonism

Answer 25

Amantadine

Question 26

dryness of the mouth in medical term

Answer 26

xerostomia

Question 27

augment ACh action at nicotinic receptors

Answer 27

Gallantamine

Question 28

mgt of dementia associated with parkinson's dse

Answer 28

Rivastigmine

Question 29

excitotoxic effects on neurons and is suggested as a mechanism for neurodegenerative or apoptotic processes

Answer 29

overstimulation

Question 30

Avail in oral preparation often given with AChE inhibitor

Answer 30

Memantine

Question 31

for severe Alzheimer's dse. blocksNMDAR→limitCa2+→Xtoxicintracellularlevels

Answer 31

Memantine

Question 32

synthetic polypeptide that resembles myelin protein • may act as a decoy to T-cell attack

Answer 32

Glatiramer

Question 33

• may improve survival time and delay the need for ventilator support

Answer 33

Riluzole

Question 34

characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results to the inability to initiate or control muscle movement

Answer 34

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 35

oral potassium channel blocker • improves walking speeds in patients with MS

Answer 35

Dalfampridine

Question 36

cytotoxic anthracycline analog that kills T cells

Answer 36

Mitoxantrone

Question 37

monoclonal antibody for MS patients who failed the first-line therapies

Answer 37

Natalizumab

Question 38

may alter the cellular response to oxidative stress to reduce disease progression

Answer 38

Dimethyl fumarate

Question 39

Adverse effects ⚬ elevated liver enzymes ⚬ avoidinpregnancy

Answer 39

Teriflunomide

Question 40

Adverse effects ⚬ flushing ⚬ abdominalpain

Answer 40

Dimethyl fumarate

Question 41

alters lymphocyte migration → fewer lymphocytes in the CNS

Answer 41

Fingolimod

Question 42

Adverse effect ⚬ first-dosebradycardia ⚬ ↑riskofinfectionandmacularedema

Answer 42

Fingolimod

Question 43

synthetic polypeptide that resembles myelin protein • may act as a decoy to T-cell attack

Answer 43

Glatiramer

Question 44

Adverse effects ⚬ postinjectionreaction ■ flushing, chest pain, anxiety, itching ■ self-limiting

Answer 44

Glatiramer

Question 45

help diminish the inflammatory responses that lead to demyelination of axon sheaths

Answer 45

Interferon B1a & B1b

Question 46

autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating dse of the CNS • spasticity, constipation, bladder dysfunction, depression

Answer 46

Multiple sclerosis