Neurodegenerative Disorders Flashcards
Depends on the ionic composition of neurons and depende on the specific ion and direction of the movement
Synaptic Potentials
movement of ions that results in a depolarization of the
postsynaptic membrane
Stimulation/excitation
Release of more excitatory NT, all-or-none action
potential
EPSP
movement of ions that results in a hyperpolarization of
the postsynaptic membrane
Inhibition
Excitatory neurotransmitter
Glutamate and ACH
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA and glysine
progressive loss of selected neurons in discrete brain areas, resulting in characteristic disorders of movement, cognition, or both.
Neurodegenerative Diseases
blocks dopamine
⚬ pseudoparkinsonism
Phenothiazine, haloperidol
Precursor, active constituent and prodrug of dopamine
Levodopa
enhancing the synthesis of dopamine in the surviving neurons of the substantia nigra
Levodopa
dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor
prevents premature metabolism of levodopa
Carbidopa
taken at an empty stomach for faster absorption
Levodopa + Carbidopa
high protein meals interfere with levodopa transport
Levodopa + Carbidopa
Has an A/E in peripheral ■ anorexia, nausea, and vomiting occur because of stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Levodopa + Carbidopa
Has an A/E in CNS. visual and auditory hallucinations and abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesias) may occur
Levodopa + Carbidopa
5x more potentn than Selegiline
rasagiline
metabolized to methamphetamine and amphetamine
Causes insomniainbeyondmid-afternoonadministration
Selegiline
Has a little no effect hepatic necrosis
entacapone
More wildy used and replaces tolcapone in the marker
entacapone
Metabolize by largest cytochrome CYP450 1A2
Ropinirole
half-life increased by Cimetidine
Pramipexole
OD transdermal patch (up to 24 hours), prevents DA reuptake
Rotigotine
Apomorphine
Firtly an antiviral used as a flu medication
Amantadine
• if dopamine at maximum, no effect
Amantadine
accidentally discovered that has an effect on can be anti parkinsonism
Amantadine
dryness of the mouth in medical term
xerostomia
augment ACh action at nicotinic receptors
Gallantamine
mgt of dementia associated with parkinson’s dse
Rivastigmine
excitotoxic effects on neurons and is suggested as a mechanism for neurodegenerative or apoptotic processes
overstimulation
Avail in oral preparation often given with AChE inhibitor
Memantine
for severe Alzheimer’s dse. blocksNMDAR→limitCa2+→Xtoxicintracellularlevels
Memantine
synthetic polypeptide that resembles myelin protein • may act as a decoy to T-cell attack
Glatiramer
• may improve survival time and delay the need for ventilator support
Riluzole
characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results to the inability to initiate or control muscle movement
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
oral potassium channel blocker
• improves walking speeds in patients with MS
Dalfampridine
cytotoxic anthracycline analog that kills T cells
Mitoxantrone
monoclonal antibody for MS patients who failed the first-line therapies
Natalizumab
may alter the cellular response to oxidative stress to reduce disease progression
Dimethyl fumarate
Adverse effects
⚬ elevated liver enzymes ⚬ avoidinpregnancy
Teriflunomide
Adverse effects
⚬ flushing
⚬ abdominalpain
Dimethyl fumarate
alters lymphocyte migration → fewer lymphocytes in the
CNS
Fingolimod
Adverse effect
⚬ first-dosebradycardia
⚬ ↑riskofinfectionandmacularedema
Fingolimod
synthetic polypeptide that resembles myelin protein • may act as a decoy to T-cell attack
Glatiramer
Adverse effects
⚬ postinjectionreaction
■ flushing, chest pain, anxiety, itching
■ self-limiting
Glatiramer
help diminish the inflammatory responses that lead to demyelination of axon sheaths
Interferon B1a & B1b
autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating dse of the CNS
• spasticity, constipation, bladder dysfunction, depression
Multiple sclerosis
