ANESTHETIC

Question 1

a reversible state of central nervous system (CNS) depression, causing loss of response to and perception of stimuli

Answer 1

General anesthesia

Question 2

Milk of amnesia

Answer 2

Propofol

Question 3

Often considered anesthetic adjunct

Answer 3

BZDsandBarbiturates

Question 4

Block excitatory postsynaptic nicotinic Receptors

Answer 4

Inhalational

Question 5

Notable for Cardio vascular toxicity

Answer 5

Halothane

Question 6

Causes suppression of CV

Answer 6

Cardiovascularsystem

Question 7

depress respiration but also act as bronchodilators

Answer 7

Respiratory system

Question 8

Inhibition of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors

Answer 8

N2O,ketamine

Question 9

consideration in px with neurologic disorders

Answer 9

epilepsy, MG, NM dse

Question 10

The use if anesthetic can cause abnormality in pregnancy which resukts to:

Answer 10

fetal organogenesis
aplastic anemia
oral cleft, altered thermoregulation

Question 11

Pre-anesthetics(Adjuncts) reduce gastric acidity

Answer 11

H2 blockers

Question 12

Drugs that are administering prior to administrating the main anesthetic agent

Answer 12

Pre-anesthetics(Adjuncts)

Question 13

Pre-anesthetics(Adjuncts) prevent allergic reactions;

Answer 13

Antihistamines

Question 14

Most common anti cholinergic

Answer 14

Glycopyrrolate

Question 15

prevent bradycardia and secretion of
fluids into the respiratory tract

Answer 15

Anticholinergics

Question 16

Most potent synthetic opiod derivative

Answer 16

Fentanyl

Question 17

allay anxiety and facilitate amnesia

Answer 17

Benzodiazepines

Question 18

Causes tolerance to opiods

Answer 18

opioid addiction

Question 19

produce negative effects

Answer 19

Concomitant Drug Use

Question 20

time of administration untul the anesthetic effect manifest or begins in the body

Answer 20

Induction

Question 21

discontinuation→consciousness/reflexes

Answer 21

Recovery

Question 22

sustainedanesthesia

Answer 22

Maintenance

Question 23

Respiration is rapid, and heart rate and blood pressure increase

Answer 23

Excitement (delirium/disinhibition)

Question 24

Decreased awareness of pain

Answer 24

Analgesia

Question 25

Phases of anesthesia

Answer 25

Induction Maintenance Recovery

Question 26

STAGES OF ANESTHESIA

Answer 26

Analgesia Excitement Surgical anesthesia Medullary (respiratory) depression

Question 27

Ideal stage for surgery

Answer 27

Surgical anesthesia

Question 28

Severe depression of the respiratory center

Answer 28

Medullary (respiratory) depression

Question 29

Careful monitoring is needed to prevent undesired progression to stage IV

Answer 29

Surgical anesthesia

Question 30

↓required anesthetic doses

Answer 30

Concomitant Drug Use

Question 31

Ventilation and or circulation must be supported to prevent death

Answer 31

Medullary (respiratory) depression

Question 32

Induce anesthesia

Answer 32

IV agent

Question 33

Maintaine anesthesia during surgery

Answer 33

Inhalational anesthetic

Question 34

narrow therapeutic indices

Answer 34

Inhalational anesthetic

Question 35

Smallest dose to take effect

Answer 35

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

Question 36

median effective dose (ED50) of the anesthetic, expressed as the percentage of gas in a mixture required to achieve that effect

Answer 36

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

Question 37

Also known as inspired gas in Inhalational anesthetic

Answer 37

Gas mixture

Question 38

More potent

Answer 38

Small MAC

Question 39

Larger MAC

Answer 39

less potent

Question 40

Windows to the brain

Answer 40

alveoli

Question 41

replacement of normal lung gases with the inspired anesthetic mixture

Answer 41

ALVEOLAR WASH-IN

Question 42

conc in blood phase: conc in gas phase (in equilibrium)

Answer 42

blood/gas partition coefficient

Question 43

faster induction and recovery (N2O)

Answer 43

↓blood/gas coefficient

Question 44

slower induction and recovery (Halothane)

Answer 44

↑blood/gas coefficient

Question 45

Need to increase dose and the least potent

Answer 45

halothane

Question 46

Most potent

Answer 46

desflurane

Question 47

removal of anesthetic to peripheral tissues, which are not the site of action

Answer 47

Cardiac output

Question 48

poorly perfused

Answer 48

Skeletal muscles, Fat, Bone,ligaments,and cartilage

Question 49

relatively low capacity to store anesthetic

Answer 49

Bone,ligaments,and cartilage

Question 50

large volume, prolongs the time required to achieve steadystate

Answer 50

Skeletal muscles

Question 51

rapidly attain a steady state

Answer 51

BRAIN,HEART,LIVER,KIDNEY,ANDENDOCRINEGLANDS

Question 52

discontinuation of anesthetic

Answer 52

WASHOUT

Question 53

sepsis, acute intoxication, clonidine, dexmedetomidine

Answer 53

DECREASE MAC

Question 54

nonflammable, nonexplosive agents, including nitrous oxide and volatile, halogenated hydrocarbons

Answer 54

Inhalational anesthetic

Question 55

↓cerebrovascular resistance, ↑brain perfusion

Answer 55

Inhalational anesthetic

Question 56

↑CNS catecholamines

Answer 56

INCREASE MAC

Question 57

distribution and clearance of drugs

Answer 57

Liver

Question 58

target organs for toxic effects

Answer 58

kidney

Question 59

Increase the sensitivity of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA

Answer 59

Etomidate,Propofol, BZDs and Barbiturates

Question 60

Considered as one of the most commonly used anesthetic most especially in the US

Answer 60

Propofol

Question 61

No specific receptor has been identified as the focus of general anesthetic action.

Answer 61

MOA of General anesthesia

Question 62

Most used drugs to facilitate amnesia

Answer 62

Diazepam and midasolam