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PCOL > Anesthetic Part 2 > Flashcards

Anesthetic Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

prototype of inhalational anesthetics

A

HALOTHANE

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2
Q

can be used in obstetrics when uterine relaxation is
indicated

A

HALOTHANE

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3
Q

HALOTHANE A/E

A

Cardiac
Malignant hyperthermia

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4
Q

blocks release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells, reducing heat production and relaxing muscle tone

A

Dantrolene

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5
Q

drastic and uncontrolled increase in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism

A

Malignanthyperthermia

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6
Q

overwhelming capacity to supply oxygen, remove CO2, regulate temp

A

Malignant hyperthermia

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7
Q

not toxic to the liver or kidney becuase of its little metabolism

A

ISOFLURANE

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8
Q

Has an A/E of pungent odor stimulates respiratory reflexes

A

ISOFLURANE

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9
Q

Rarely use for maintenance anesthesia cos its very expensive

A

DESFLURANE

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10
Q

popular for outpatient procedures

A

DESFLURANE

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11
Q

rapid induction, rapid onset and recovery, ↓blood solubility. Ideal to pediatric patients

A

SEVOFLURANE

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12
Q

low pungency = low irritation of airways

A

SEVOFLURANE

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13
Q

least hepatotoxic of all inhalational agents

A

NITROUS OXIDE

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14
Q

It can cause Diffusion hypoxia

A

NITROUS OXIDE

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15
Q

non-irritating potent analgesic, weak general anesthetic

A

NITROUS OXIDE

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16
Q

N2O replaces nitrogen in air spaces faster than the nitrogen leaves → N2O retards oxygen uptake during recovery

A

Diffusion hypoxia

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17
Q

↓blood supply, ↓effect to redistribution

A

adipose tissue

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18
Q

facilitate amnesia while causing sedation

A

Midazolam

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19
Q

Alternative to midazolam

A

diazepam and lorazepam

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20
Q

induces anesthesia, no analgesic activity

A

ETOMIDATE

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21
Q

replaced in most countries because of the availability of
other anesthetics with fewer complications

A

HALOTHANE

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22
Q

Most fatal toxicity by halothane

A

Hepatic necrosis

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23
Q

T/F. If halothane will undergoe oxidative metabolism, it will yield hydrocarbons and some type of halogen which can lead to toxicity.

A

True

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24
Q

What are the toxicities that lead by halogen and hydrocarbons in halogen if undergoe oxidative metabolism?

A

fever,anorexia,nausea,vomiting,hepatitis

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25
Q

Halothane interval

A

NLT2-3weeks

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26
Q

concentration-dependent hypotension

A

phenylephrine

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27
Q

vagomimetic and may cause atropine-sensitive bradycardia

A

Cardiac, adverse effect of halothane

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28
Q

Not use for anesthetic induction but can be use as anesthetic maintenance

A

Isoflurane and desflurane

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29
Q

low fresh gas flow = nephrotoxicity

A

SEVOFLURANE

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30
Q

usually maintained with inhalational anesthetics

A

IV anesthetic

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31
Q

one “arm-brain circulation time”

A

IV anesthetics

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32
Q

high proportion of initial drug bolus goes to cerebral
circulation → blood to brain conc gradient → exerts effects

A

INDUCTION

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33
Q

redistribution from the CNS

A

RECOVERY

34
Q

brain → other tissues with less blood supply (skeletal muscle)
→ plasma conc falls

A

RECOVERY

35
Q

Remedy to the reduced CO which leads to compensation

A

slow titration of the reduced dose for safe
induction

36
Q

replaced thiopental (1st choice for induction of general
anesthesia)

A

PROPOFOL

37
Q

IV sedative-hypnotic use for induction and maintenance

A

PROPOFOL

38
Q

Milky appearance

A

PROPOFOL

39
Q

ONSET redistribution of propofol

A

↓plasma levels (2-4 minutes)

40
Q

T/F. In propofol, pharmacokinetics not affected by hepatic or renal failure

A

True

41
Q

does not provide analgesia thats why its usually administered with narcotics

A

PROPOFOL

42
Q

No post anesthetic, no post surgery vomiting because of it antiemetic propero

A

PROPOFOL

43
Q

Its A/E may contribute to severe hypotension in px with hypovolemia or shock

A

Thiopental

44
Q

Its has an A/E of apnea, coughing, chest wall spasm, laryngospasm, bronchospasm

A

Thiopental

45
Q

onset<1minute,diffusionrapid

A

thiopental & methohexital

46
Q

⚬ 15%ismetabolizedintheliver/hour

A

thiopental & methohexital

47
Q

ultra short-acting with high lipid solubility
> potent anesthetic, weak analgesic

A

Thiopental

48
Q

minimal CV depression but all are respiratory depressants

A

BZD

49
Q

erythromycin prolongs effects

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

50
Q

for sedation, induce anterograde amnesia

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

51
Q

diazepam brand name

A

Valium

52
Q

Lorazepam brand name

A

Antivan

53
Q

administered IV, epidurally, intrathecally (CSF)

A

Opioids

54
Q

Sufentanil and remifentanil derivative

A

Fentanyl

55
Q

Has an Adverse effects of hypotension, respiratory depression, musclerigidity

A

OPIOIDS

56
Q

poor water solubility of etomidate

A

propyleneglycol

57
Q

for px with Coronary Heart Disease

A

ETOMIDATE

58
Q

Called as dissociative anesthetic

A

KETAMINE

59
Q

short-acting, nonbarbiturate anesthetic

A

Ketamine

60
Q

used mainly in children and elder px for short procedures

A

KETAMINE

61
Q

• causes a dream-like state like PCP

A

Ketamine

62
Q

sedative used in intensive care settings and surgery

A

DEXMEDETOMIDINE

63
Q

reduces volatile anesthetic, sedative, and analgesic
requirements

A

DEXMEDETOMIDINE

64
Q

blocksnicotinicAChreceptorsintheNMJ

A

MOA of neuromuscular blockers

65
Q

abolish reflexes for tracheal intubation and muscle relaxation for surgery

A

Neuromuscular blocker

66
Q

Lidocaine brand name

A

Xylocaine

67
Q

blocks nerve conduction of sensory impulses • higher conc, blocks motor impulses

A

Local anesthetics

68
Q

topical, infiltration, peripheral nerve blocks, neuraxial

A

Local anesthetics

69
Q

cardiotoxic if administered Iv

A

Bupivacaine

70
Q

liposome injectable suspension that can give patients post surgical analgesia for 24hrs

A

Bupivacaine

71
Q

not for OB use becase it increases neonates toxicity

A

Mepivacaine

72
Q

Metabolism site of amides

A

Liver

73
Q

Metabolism site of ester

A

plasma cholinesterase (pseudo cholinesterase)

74
Q

T/F. Alterations of pH is important

A

True

75
Q

Remedy of too much vasodilation = rapid diffusion away from the site = shorter DOA

A

epinephrine = minimize toxicity, ↑DOA

76
Q

reported”allergies”effectofepinephrine

A

Some are psychogenic reactions,
■ urticaria, edema, bronchospasm

77
Q

Treatment to Systemic local anesthetic toxicity which consider altered mental status or Cardiovascular disease

A

airway mgt, support breathing and circulation, seizure suppression, CPR ( cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

78
Q

Amides drugs

A

Lidocaine , Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine

79
Q

Esters Drugs

A

Procaine, tetracaine, cocaine, chloroprocaine

80
Q

short-acting, causes a dream-like state like PCP

A

KETAMINE

PCOL (4 decks)

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