Neurocytology

Question 1

3 connective tissue coverings of the brain: The meninges

Answer 1

Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater

Question 2

3 layers of the Cerebellar cortex

Answer 2

1. molecular layer
2. purkinje cell layer
3. granular layer

Question 3

The cerebral cortex has ___ layers.

Answer 3

6

Question 4

Nissal substance is _______.

Answer 4

RER, shows they are very metabolically active

Question 5

3 basic categories of neurons:

Answer 5

Bipolar, Psuedounipolar, Multipolar neuron

Question 6

Bipolar neurons are typically found in the ________.

Answer 6

Retina, olfactory system

Question 7

Pseudo unipolar neurons are typically found in _______.

Answer 7

the dorsal root ganglion

Question 8

Morphological features of a neuron

Answer 8

1. Large euchromatic nucleus
2. prominent nucleolus
3. Nissl Bodies (RER)
4. Neurofilaments
5. Microtubules

Question 9

Grey matter is characterized by neurons, glial cells and ______.

Answer 9

Neuropil

Question 10

Glial Cells of the CNS (3)

Answer 10

Microglia, Microglia, Ependymal Cells

Question 11

Macroglia (2)

Answer 11

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

Astrocytes express an intermediate filament called _______.

Answer 12

glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

Question 13

Astrocytes function

Answer 13

Respond to injury and proliferate, called gliosis. They induce and maintain the blood-brain barrier. They balance ions with the CSF.

Question 14

Oligodendrocytes function

Answer 14

They are the myelin-forming cells of the CNS

Question 15

________ cells line the ventricles.

Answer 15

Ependymal cells, *some ependymal cells are ciliated!

Question 16

________ epithelium derives from ependymal cells.

Answer 16

Choroid

Question 17

Choroid epithelium is _______.

Answer 17

simple cuboidal

Question 18

Microglia arise from _____________.

Answer 18

blood-borne monocytes, fixed resident histeocytes

Question 19

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Answer 19

very large cell bodies, prominent nucleioli and nucleus, have satellite cells around them, pseudounipolar, lot of lipofuscin (occurs with aging)-the satellite cells are schwann cells

Question 20

Sympathetic Ganglion

Answer 20

prominent cell bodies, some lipofuscin, close to the spinal cord

Question 21

Parasympathetic Ganglion

Answer 21

form close to where they innervate such as the gut

Question 22

Three connective tissue layers of a peripheral nerve

Answer 22

1. epineurium
2. perineurium
3. endoneurium

Question 23

Function of the perineurium

Answer 23

The perineurium maintains microenvironment within nerves