Neurocytology Flashcards
3 connective tissue coverings of the brain: The meninges
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater
3 layers of the Cerebellar cortex
- molecular layer
- purkinje cell layer
- granular layer
The cerebral cortex has ___ layers.
6
Nissal substance is _______.
RER, shows they are very metabolically active
3 basic categories of neurons:
Bipolar, Psuedounipolar, Multipolar neuron
Bipolar neurons are typically found in the ________.
Retina, olfactory system
Pseudo unipolar neurons are typically found in _______.
the dorsal root ganglion
Morphological features of a neuron
- Large euchromatic nucleus
- prominent nucleolus
- Nissl Bodies (RER)
- Neurofilaments
- Microtubules
Grey matter is characterized by neurons, glial cells and ______.
Neuropil
Glial Cells of the CNS (3)
Microglia, Microglia, Ependymal Cells
Macroglia (2)
Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes express an intermediate filament called _______.
glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
Astrocytes function
Respond to injury and proliferate, called gliosis. They induce and maintain the blood-brain barrier. They balance ions with the CSF.
Oligodendrocytes function
They are the myelin-forming cells of the CNS
________ cells line the ventricles.
Ependymal cells, *some ependymal cells are ciliated!
________ epithelium derives from ependymal cells.
Choroid
Choroid epithelium is _______.
simple cuboidal
Microglia arise from _____________.
blood-borne monocytes, fixed resident histeocytes
Dorsal Root Ganglion
very large cell bodies, prominent nucleioli and nucleus, have satellite cells around them, pseudounipolar, lot of lipofuscin (occurs with aging)-the satellite cells are schwann cells
Sympathetic Ganglion
prominent cell bodies, some lipofuscin, close to the spinal cord
Parasympathetic Ganglion
form close to where they innervate such as the gut
Three connective tissue layers of a peripheral nerve
- epineurium
- perineurium
- endoneurium
Function of the perineurium
The perineurium maintains microenvironment within nerves
