CNS Blood Supply

Question 1

Vertebral/basilar system supplies:

Answer 1

everything else-medial occipital lobes, medial/inferior temporal lobes, brainstem, and most of the diencephalon

Question 2

internal carotid system supplies:

Answer 2

most of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 3

Each internal carotid has two important pre-terminal branches:

Answer 3

1. a posterior communicating artery, a component of the circle of Willis;
2. an anterior choroidal artery which gets its name from the fact that it travels along the optic tract and then slips into the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle to supply its choroid plexus

Question 4

Each interval carotid then ends by dividing into (2):

Answer 4

1. a middle cerebral artery, which moves off laterally, reaches the insult, and divides there into a bunch of branches that emerge from the lateral sulcus and supply most of the lateral surface of the hemisphere;
2. an anterior cerebral artery, which moves into the longitudinal fissure and divides into branches that supply the orbital and medial surfaces of the frontal lobe and the medial surface of the parietal lobe

Question 5

Each vertebral artery gives rise to three pre terminal branches before the two vertebras fuse to form the single, _________.

Answer 5

Midline basilar artery

Question 6

The three pre-terminal branches of the vertebral artery are:

Answer 6

1. the anterior spinal artery,
2. posterior spinal artery
3. a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Question 7

PICA

Answer 7

reaches the posterior part of the cerebellum’s inferior surface-this is near the choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle, and PICA branches supply it too

Question 8

Two major pre-terminal branches of the basilar artery

Answer 8

1. the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA)

2. The superior cerebellar arteries

Question 9

AICA

Answer 9

reach the anterior part of the cerebellum’s inferior surface

Question 10

Superior cerebellar arteries

Answer 10

reach the part of the cerebellum that PICA and AICA miss, the superior surface

Question 11

The basilar artery bifurcates into the ______ arteries.

Answer 11

Two posterior cerebral arteries

Question 12

Each _______ _______ artery wraps around the midbrain and sends its largest branches to the inferior/medial surface of the temporal lobe and the medial surface of the occipital lobe.

Answer 12

posterior cerebral artery

Question 13

The circle of Willis includes:

Answer 13

Anterior cerebral arteries, internal carotid, connects to middle cerebral a. , and posterior cerebral artery. , connected by posterior communicating artery

Question 14

The superficial veins drain ______.

Answer 14

things like cerebral cortex

Question 15

The deep veins drain ______.

Answer 15

thing in and near the walls of the lateral ventricles.

Question 16

The _______ is formed where the choroidal and terminal veins join at the inter ventricular foramen, make a hairpin turn, and form the internal cerebellar vein.

Answer 16

venous angle

Question 17

The brain uses _% of cardiac output, and __% of oxygen consumption.

Answer 17

15, 25

Question 18

________ play a major role in mediating local increases and decreases in flow rate.

Answer 18

astrocytes

Question 19

3 anatomically distinct barriers in the brain:

Answer 19

1. tight junctions of the endothelial cells of the capillaries inside the CNS called the BBB
2. arachnoid barrier
3. the choroid epithelium

Question 20

Circumventricular organs, definitions and examples:

Answer 20

A few small parts of the brain that monitor the composition of blood or dump something into the blood. They border on the ventricular system and have no blood-brain barrier. Examples are the pineal gland, parts of the hypothalamus, and the area postrema in the medulla.