Neurobiology test 2 definitions Flashcards
Tolerance
How much dosage is needed to get the same effects
Precursor
A substance from which another substance is formed
Sensitization
Same dose will have a augmented (more intense) effect
Agonist
Drug that will facilitate the post-synaptic effects
Antagonist
Drug that will BLOCK the post-synaptic effects
Margin of safety
The difference of the negative effects of the drug and the positive effects of the drug
Drug-dose response curve
Shows the ratio of dosage of the drug compared to the neg/pos effects of the drug.
Space between the 2 curves is the margin of safety
Ways to get drug into the body
Injection Oral Anally Inhalation Sublingual Topically
Areas of interest for psychopharmacology
The effects on the body
The active site for the drug
The pharmakinetics (how it enters, travels through and leaves the body)
Two ways drugs reach the brain in animal models
Intracerebral- Targets areas of the brain
Intracerebralven
Two ways drugs reach the brain in animal models
Intracerebral- Targets areas of the brain
Intracerebralven
Criteria to be a neurotransmitter
Located in presynaptic cell
Activated by Ca+
Subjected to inactivation (breakdown)
Has a receptor that accepts the ligand
What are the 3 ways signals can transmit across neurons
Neuocrine Signaling
Paracrine signaling
Endocrine signaling
What are the 3 ways signals can transmit across neurons
Neuocrine Signaling
Paracrine signaling
Endocrine signaling
Three ways ACh is transmitted
Somatic- ACh delivered directly between muscle and spinal cord
Parasympathetic- Delivered to the synaptic junction and the NMJ
Sympathetic- Delivered to the synaptic junction (NE at NMJ)
Where is ACh produced in the body
Pons
Basil forebrand
Medial Septum
Candace/Putamen in basil ganglia
What synthesizes ACh
Acetyl co-enzyme and choline
What will break down ACh
acetylcholinesterase
Where is norepinephrine found and where is it produced
Found in sympathetic nervous system
Produced is the locus coeruleus
What cell makes norepinephrine and what secretes it
Made by adrenergic cells and secreted by varicosities
What areas will transfer/release dopamine
Substantia Nigra
Ventral Tegmental Area
What tracks release dopamine in the SN and how does the dopamine travel
The nigrostriatal track
From the SN to the Basal Ganglia
What tracks release dopamine in the VTA and how does the dopamine travel
Mesolimbic - VTA to limbic system
Mesocortical- VTA to cortex
What will block dopamine receptors on a cell
Cocaine
What will deactivate catecholamine
Monoamines Oxidase
What will deactivate serotonin
Monoamine Oxidase
Where is serotonin released
Throughout the brain
What cells have access to tryptophan
All cells
Where is the serotonin produced
The Raphe nuclei
What can Monoamines Oxidase break down
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
What can Monoamines Oxidase break down
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
What is the function of a neuropeptide
Regulates glucose level
How can drugs effect neurotransmitters
How they are released
How they are synthesized
How they are packaged
How they are received
What effect does Marijuana have on NT
Will effect dopamine downstream
Stimulates cannabinoid receptors
Very low toxicity so hard to overdose
What are the effects of LSD
Will alter ones perceptions
