Neurobiology Memory Flashcards
What is another term for short term memory
Working memory
What are the 3 subunits of working memory
Executive control
Verbal Subsystem
Spatial Subsystem
What is the job of the executive control
It is the organizer
It will allocate resources to other subunits
It will monitor, manipulate and update memories
What is the job of the verbal subsystem
Remembering verbal information via broccas area
What is the job of the spatial subsystem
Remembering enviornment
Where is the spatial subsystem active in the brain
Occipital
Temporal
Paretial
What area of the brain will maintain all the information in working memory
The prefrontal cortex
What are the two types of long term memory
Explicit and implicit memory
What are the 4 stages of processing in explicit learning
Encoding
Storage
Consolidation
Retrieval
What is explicit learning
A conscious retrieval of previous experiences like people, places, or facts.
What is implicit learning
Automatic unconscious learning
When does implicit memory work best
When the event closely resembles a given situation
What are the four components of implicit memory
Priming
Procedural
Non-associative learning
Associative learning
What is classical conditioning
When there are two stimuli one conditioned and one unconditioned.
What will create a response conditioned or unconditioned stimuli
Unconditioned
What is operant conditioning
There is punishment and reward for choices made
Absent mindedness
Forgetting to carry out a task due to lack of attention to detail
What is blocking in memory
Temporary can’t access memory due to malfunction of executive control
Suggestibility
Persuading you to choose an answer or modify your memory
Bias
Altering memories based on ones own beliefs
Persistance
Remembering something when you are trying not to remember it
What’s habitation
Learning to ignore a stimulus after repeated exposure
What will cause short term habitation
Decrease in NT release
What will cause long term habitation
Decrease in the number of synapses in the cell
Sensitization in memory response
Repeated stimuli can cause intense reflexes even with non-harmful stimuli
Sensitization in memory response
Repeated stimuli can cause intense reflexes even with non-harmful stimuli
What NT will serotonin increase and how
Will stimulate production of glutamate by releasing cAMP
What is consolidation
Conversion of short term memory into long term memory
What changes in the cell with short term memory
More NT are released and there are alterations to the Ca influx and K channels
What changes in the cell with long term memory
More synaptic connections
More PKA
CREB changes genes
New proteins
What did the mutant fly experiment show
The importance of the cAMP pathway
They showed a decrees in implicit memory
What is Hebban plasticity
Explicit learning will occur when the synapse fires regularly.
“If they Fire together, they are Wired together”
What is long term potentiation how long will it last
Long lasting increase in EPSP amplitude
From days to weeks
Where will long term potentiation occur
Hippocampus
What receptors are involved in Long lasting potentiation
AMPA
NDMA
What impact will the LTP have on the cell
Activates PKC
Activates AMPA
Activates NO (Retrograde)
What is normal depolarization in LTP
Normal functioning EPSP but will have no LTP
What is cooperatively depolarization with LTP
Small EPSP from multimode neurons. This may create LTP
What is Associativity with ATP
Simulates large and small depolarization and will have LTP in THESE NEURONS ONLY
Specificity in LTP
Stimulated neuron will have LTP
Unstimulated neuron will not undergo LTP
Ensures selective memory
What causes early LTP
Release of NT
What causes Late LTP
Synaptic connections in ore and post synapse
Where does spatial memory take place in the brain
The hippocampus
What is long term depression
A decrease in synaptic strength following a prolonged stimulus
What will remove AMPA receptors
Calcineruim caused by low levels of calcium
Will reduce action potentials
What will happen to the synapse connections as we gain new memories
Synapse connections are lost in order to develop new ones
What structure will change for memory be enhanced or repaired
Hippocampus will need to change
