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Physical Therapy > Neurobiology Memory > Flashcards

Neurobiology Memory Flashcards

1
Q

What is another term for short term memory

A

Working memory

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2
Q

What are the 3 subunits of working memory

A

Executive control
Verbal Subsystem
Spatial Subsystem

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3
Q

What is the job of the executive control

A

It is the organizer
It will allocate resources to other subunits
It will monitor, manipulate and update memories

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4
Q

What is the job of the verbal subsystem

A

Remembering verbal information via broccas area

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5
Q

What is the job of the spatial subsystem

A

Remembering enviornment

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6
Q

Where is the spatial subsystem active in the brain

A

Occipital
Temporal
Paretial

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7
Q

What area of the brain will maintain all the information in working memory

A

The prefrontal cortex

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8
Q

What are the two types of long term memory

A

Explicit and implicit memory

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9
Q

What are the 4 stages of processing in explicit learning

A

Encoding
Storage
Consolidation
Retrieval

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10
Q

What is explicit learning

A

A conscious retrieval of previous experiences like people, places, or facts.

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11
Q

What is implicit learning

A

Automatic unconscious learning

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12
Q

When does implicit memory work best

A

When the event closely resembles a given situation

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13
Q

What are the four components of implicit memory

A

Priming
Procedural
Non-associative learning
Associative learning

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14
Q

What is classical conditioning

A

When there are two stimuli one conditioned and one unconditioned.

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15
Q

What will create a response conditioned or unconditioned stimuli

A

Unconditioned

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16
Q

What is operant conditioning

A

There is punishment and reward for choices made

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17
Q

Absent mindedness

A

Forgetting to carry out a task due to lack of attention to detail

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18
Q

What is blocking in memory

A

Temporary can’t access memory due to malfunction of executive control

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19
Q

Suggestibility

A

Persuading you to choose an answer or modify your memory

20
Q

Bias

A

Altering memories based on ones own beliefs

21
Q

Persistance

A

Remembering something when you are trying not to remember it

22
Q

What’s habitation

A

Learning to ignore a stimulus after repeated exposure

23
Q

What will cause short term habitation

A

Decrease in NT release

24
Q

What will cause long term habitation

A

Decrease in the number of synapses in the cell

25
Q

Sensitization in memory response

A

Repeated stimuli can cause intense reflexes even with non-harmful stimuli

26
Q

Sensitization in memory response

A

Repeated stimuli can cause intense reflexes even with non-harmful stimuli

27
Q

What NT will serotonin increase and how

A

Will stimulate production of glutamate by releasing cAMP

28
Q

What is consolidation

A

Conversion of short term memory into long term memory

29
Q

What changes in the cell with short term memory

A

More NT are released and there are alterations to the Ca influx and K channels

30
Q

What changes in the cell with long term memory

A

More synaptic connections
More PKA
CREB changes genes
New proteins

31
Q

What did the mutant fly experiment show

A

The importance of the cAMP pathway

They showed a decrees in implicit memory

32
Q

What is Hebban plasticity

A

Explicit learning will occur when the synapse fires regularly.
“If they Fire together, they are Wired together”

33
Q

What is long term potentiation how long will it last

A

Long lasting increase in EPSP amplitude

From days to weeks

34
Q

Where will long term potentiation occur

A

Hippocampus

35
Q

What receptors are involved in Long lasting potentiation

A

AMPA

NDMA

36
Q

What impact will the LTP have on the cell

A

Activates PKC
Activates AMPA
Activates NO (Retrograde)

37
Q

What is normal depolarization in LTP

A

Normal functioning EPSP but will have no LTP

38
Q

What is cooperatively depolarization with LTP

A

Small EPSP from multimode neurons. This may create LTP

39
Q

What is Associativity with ATP

A

Simulates large and small depolarization and will have LTP in THESE NEURONS ONLY

40
Q

Specificity in LTP

A

Stimulated neuron will have LTP
Unstimulated neuron will not undergo LTP
Ensures selective memory

41
Q

What causes early LTP

A

Release of NT

42
Q

What causes Late LTP

A

Synaptic connections in ore and post synapse

43
Q

Where does spatial memory take place in the brain

A

The hippocampus

44
Q

What is long term depression

A

A decrease in synaptic strength following a prolonged stimulus

45
Q

What will remove AMPA receptors

A

Calcineruim caused by low levels of calcium

Will reduce action potentials

46
Q

What will happen to the synapse connections as we gain new memories

A

Synapse connections are lost in order to develop new ones

47
Q

What structure will change for memory be enhanced or repaired

A

Hippocampus will need to change

Physical Therapy (18 decks)

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