Neurobiology of Anxiety Flashcards
Define Eustress.
stress that adds a positive enhancing dimension to the quality of life
Name the 3 major stress hormones
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Glucocorticoid
Glucocorticoids are secreted by the adrenal cortex in times of stress. Which hormone stimulates this?
ACTH
Which hormones stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete ACTH?
CRH
ACTH and CRH are a part of which system?
HPA axis/ Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenocortical System
Hans Selye proposed a model to explain how stress affects the body. What was it called?
General adaptation syndrome
What did Hans Selye conclude about how the body reacts to stress?
The reaction was general, irrespective of what type of stress.
Describe Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome.
- I response to the stressor, the immune system experiences a drop in resistance
- Then eventually we adapt to the stress and we become more resistant.
- Exhaustion occurs when we have been exposed to prolonged stress resulting in a huge drop in resistance.
What is the difference between state anxiety and trait anxiety?
State anxiety is experienced at a particular moment and trait anxiety is a feature of an individual that doesn’t vary from moment to moment.
What is a theoretical system to explain anxiety?
Gray’s Behavioural Inhibition System
Which 3 things did Gray find to be causes of anxiety?
- punishment
- omission of expected reward
- novel stimuli
Gray’s anti-anxiety drugs counteracted 3 behavioural effects. What were they?
- inhibition of ongoing behaviour
- increased attention to environmental stimuli
- increased level of arousal
Where is the location of Gray’s BIS system?
Septo-hippocampal system in the limbic system
The septo-hippocampal system acts to compare actual with expected stimuli. What happens when there is a mismatch or the stimulus is aversive?
It takes direct control over behaviour and the outputs of the BIS are operated
The ____ is involved in fear-based emotions.
amygdala
