Associative effects in memory Flashcards
What are the two theories of forgetting?
Trace decay theory and Interference theory
Memory traces cab last as long as 60 days in rats. However in conditioned inhibition, some forgetting is seen within….?
35 days
Memory performance improved by a reminder how long prior to a test?
24hours or 10 mins
Studies with rats shows that memories can last longer than you might think if trace decay were the cause. What is one other reason why trace decay theory isn’t sufficient?
The fact that reminders can jog memories suggests that forgetting can occur without trace decay.
Briefly describe Godden & Baddeley (1975) classic experiment.
Divers either learned on the land or under water and then had to recall either in the same environment or a different. Memory recall was best when the context was the same.
Encoding specificity:
Encoding in context provides memory triggers. Who stated this?
Tulving and Thomson (1973)
In Overton’s (1964) classic experiment, sodium pentobarbital produced ‘dissociated learning’ in rats. What is this?
Dissociated learning is seen when performance in the drug state doesn’t transfer to the non-drug state
Eich et al (1975) classic experiment on the effects of marijuana by task shows what difference between free and cued recall?
Performance is better for cued recall than free recall. State-dependent memory effects were also seen in free recall tasks more so than cued recall.
Eich (1980)
90% of studies that did not show state dependency used cued recall or recognition tests. What does this suggest?
This suggests internal state is more important in the absence of observable cues.
State-dependent effects are consistent and reproducible only when the contextual cues are not…
overshadowed by more explicit reminders like in cued recall.
Trace decay theory of forgetting can’t explain…
recovered memories
Learning doesn’t happen in a vacuum. Memories are encoded embedded with cues which help later…
retrieval
