Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Flash Cards > Neurobiology > Flashcards

Neurobiology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on heart rate

A

Sympathetic- speeds up heart rate

Parasympathetic-slows down heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous on breathing rate

A

Sympathetic- speeds up breathing rate

Parasympathetic-slows down breathing rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous on digestive processes

A

Sympathetic-decreases digestive processes

Parasympathetic-increased digestive processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of the medulla and cerebellum in the brain

A

Medulla-control breathing,heart rates

Cerebellum-controls balance and coordination and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the limbic system on the brain

A

A collection or regions in the brain that contains long term memory and other centres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give three functions of the cerebral cortex tin the brain

A

Coordinates voluntary movements,decision making,and receives sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name three specific areas of the cerebral cortex in the brain

A
  • association area
  • motor area
  • sensory area
  • association area for language
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for the transferring information between its right and left side

A

Corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give a brief definition of perception

A

Perception is the process where by the Brian analysis and makes sense of incoming sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the three areas of perception

A
  • Segregation of objects
  • perception of distance
  • object recognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What aspect of out vision allows us to judge distance

A

Binocular disparity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Briefly describe perceptual set

A

Is a group of expectations based on past experiences and context,which effect how a stimulus is precived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give a brief definition of memory

A

Memory involves the storage,retention and retrieval of information,and includes past experiences,knowledge,thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Once her short-term memory has been formed what two things may happen to it

A
  • transferred to long-term memory

- discarded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How long does sensory memory last for

A

Sensory memory lasts a few seconds and retains all of the visual or auditory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many items may be held and the short-term memory at any one time

A

Seven items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain why a Items near the beginning of the list are well-remembered

A

The first few items ( primacy) are more effectively stored in the long term memory as these items can be rehearsed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain why the items near the end of the list are well remembered

A

Theses bits of information are then held in the short term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give a method by which items may be maintained in the short term memory

A

Chunking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give one means by which items may be lost form short term memory

A

Decay or displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Give three means by which items maybe be transferred from STM to LTM

A
  • rehearsal
  • organisation
  • elaboration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In what way do contextual cues help memory

A

AIDS the retrieval of information from LTM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are the episodic and semantic memories stored in the brain

A

Various regions in the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Briefly describe episodic and semantic memories

A

Episodic-recall or personal facts and experiences

Semantic-recall of general knowledge and non-personal facts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where are procedural memories stored in the brain

A

Motor cortex

26
Q

Which two parts of the brain are involved in the storing of emotional memories

A

Cortex and limbic system

27
Q

Where in the brain is spatial memory located

A

Limbic system

28
Q

Name three different types of neurones

A
  • sensory neurones
  • inter neurones
  • motor neurones
29
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath in a nerve

A

Increases the speed of the nervous impulses within the fibre

30
Q

What age range in man does myelination take place

A

From birth to adolescence

31
Q

Give two functions of glial cells

A

Provides physical support for the neutrons

And produces myelin sheath

32
Q

Briefly describe how neurotransmitters travels from a vesicles to a receptor at a synapse

A

The vesicles are triggered to move and fuse with pre - synaptic membrane, then the neurotransmitters are secreated into sympathetic cleft

33
Q

Name two neurotransmitters and the method of their removal

A

Acetylcholine-enzyme degradation

Nor-adrenaline-re uptake of neurotransmitters

34
Q

What aspects of a nerve determines whether a signal is excitatory or inhibitory

A

The type of receptor involved

35
Q

What process allows many weak stimuli to act together to trigger a nerve impulses

A

Summation

36
Q

Give an example of a converging neural pathway,and state how this helps its function

A

Retina of the eye, in dim light impulses allows som sensitivity of the eye

37
Q

Give an example of a diversion neutral pathway and state how this helps its function

A

Handwriting,several muscles or activated at once to bring about the coordinated fine motor movement of the hand

38
Q

Give an example of a reverberating neutral pathways and state how this helps its function

A

Breathing,impulses are recycled back to the pathway continuously to bring about repeated activity

39
Q

What Process allows stroke sufferers to create new neutral pathways

A

Plasticity of response

40
Q

What is an endorphin and what does it do

A

Neurotransmitter involved in reducing intensity of pain and other actions

41
Q

What does dopamine do in the human body

A

Induces feelings of pleasure and reinforces behaviour in the reward pathway

42
Q

Briefly describe the function of an agonist

A

Chemical neurotransmitter or a drug that mimics one

43
Q

Briefly describe the function of an antagonist

A

Drugs that inhabits trans-mission of nerve impulses

44
Q

Which circuit off the brain is commonly affected by recreational drugs

A

Recreational drugs affect the neural transmission and the reward circuit of the brain

45
Q

Describe drug sensitisation

A

Increase in the number and sensitivity of receptors which result from exposure to antagonistic drugs and can lead to addiction

46
Q

Method of parental control is generally thought to improve social competence in children

A

Infant attachment

47
Q

Nam Two types of information that can be expressed by non-verbal communication

A

Signal attitude and emotion

48
Q

Name three aspects of human existence that Verbal communication allows

A

Transmission of knowledge and development of culture and social evolution

49
Q

Give A brief definition of learning

A

Learning is a change in behaviour as a result of experience

50
Q

What type of pathway is formed when physical skill is practice repeatedly

A

Result in a more pathway being established

51
Q

Give two processes that allow humans to learn behaviour from others

A

Observation and imitation

52
Q

State how reinforcement is used in trial and error learning

A

Reinforcement is used to ensure that desired behaviours are repeated and undesired behaviour become extinct

53
Q

State how shaping may be used in trial and error learning

A

Use of reinforcement in trial and error situations to produce desired behaviour

54
Q

State how extinction of behaviour may be brought about

A

Removal of behaviour that is not been reinforced

55
Q

What is generalisation

A

Generalisation is responding in the same way to similar situations

56
Q

What is discrimination

A

Commission is the billeted to make different responses to similar situations

57
Q

Under what circumstances might social facilitation improve behaviour

A

Situations that involve audiences or competitive situations

58
Q

What Affect does the deindividualision have on the behaviour of individuals within a group

A

Behaviour is disowned by an individual and responsibility for it is given to a group

59
Q

Give brief Definition of internalisation

A

This is the process by which individuals are persuaded to adopt a set of beliefs by an external influence

60
Q

Why might identification cause a change in someone’s behaviour

A

Individual purposely changes beliefs and behaviours to fall in line with those of an admired role model

Biology Flash Cards (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions