Neurobiological factors Flashcards
This model postulates that psychological disorders result from an interaction between inherent vulnerability and environmental stressors.
Diathesis-stress model
Controls right side of the body, coordinates logical reasoning and analytic functions such as reading, writing, and mathematical tasks.
Left hemisphere
Controls the left side of the body, coordinates creative thinking, intuition, and artistic abilities.
Right hemisphere
Coordinates executive function, decisions, personality, language, planning and movement. Abnormalities here are associated with schizophrenia, ADHD, and dementia.
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Vision
Temporal lobe
Language, behavior, hearing emotions
Center for coordination of movements and postural adjustment.
Cerebellum
Inhibited transmission of dopamine is associated with lack of smooth coordinated movements in diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia.
Cerebellum
Pons, medulla oblongata and nuclei for cranial nerves III and XII
Midbrain
Vital centers for respiration and cardiovascular function.
Medulla
Includes most of the reticular activating system and the extrapyramidal system.
The Brain Stem
Regulates activity, sensation, and emotion.
Thalamus
Temperature regulation, appetite control, endocrine function, sexual drive, and impulsive behavior
Hypothalamus
Disturbances implicated in memory loss that accompanies demotion and poorly controlled emotions and impulses seen with psychotic or manic behavior.
The Limbic System
Excitatory neurotransmitter that is implicated in schizophrenia and other psychoses as well as in movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.
Dopamine
Excitatory neurotransmitter located primarily in the brain stem and is involved in control of complex movements, motivation, cognition, and regulation of emotional responses.
Dopamine
Inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays an important role in anxiety, mood disorders, schizophrenia and depression.
Serotonin
Inhibitory neurotransmitter that is involved in the control of food intake, sleep and wakefulness, temperature regulation, pain control, sexual behavior, and regulation of emotions.
Serotonin
Most prevalent neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine
Plays a role in changes in attention, learning and memory, sleep and wakefulness and mood regulation.
Norepinephrine
It is implicated in several anxiety disorders and deficits contribute to memory loss, social withdrawal, and depression.
Norepinephrine
People with Alzheimer’s disease have decreased ___________-secreting neurons and people with myasthenia gravis have reduced ___________receptors.
Acetylcholine
Excitatory neurotransmitter that is implicated in brain damage caused by stroke, hypoglycemia, sustained hypoxia or ischemia and some degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
Glutamate
Inhibitory neurotransmitter that is involved in the regulation of spinal and brainstem reflexes. Decreased levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain spastic disorders.
Glycine
