Neurobiological factors

Question 1

This model postulates that psychological disorders result from an interaction between inherent vulnerability and environmental stressors.

Answer 1

Diathesis-stress model

Question 2

Controls right side of the body, coordinates logical reasoning and analytic functions such as reading, writing, and mathematical tasks.

Answer 2

Left hemisphere

Question 3

Controls the left side of the body, coordinates creative thinking, intuition, and artistic abilities.

Answer 3

Right hemisphere

Question 4

Coordinates executive function, decisions, personality, language, planning and movement. Abnormalities here are associated with schizophrenia, ADHD, and dementia.

Answer 4

Frontal lobe

Question 5

Occipital lobe

Answer 5

Vision

Question 6

Temporal lobe

Answer 6

Language, behavior, hearing emotions

Question 7

Center for coordination of movements and postural adjustment.

Answer 7

Cerebellum

Question 8

Inhibited transmission of dopamine is associated with lack of smooth coordinated movements in diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia.

Answer 8

Cerebellum

Question 9

Pons, medulla oblongata and nuclei for cranial nerves III and XII

Answer 9

Midbrain

Question 10

Vital centers for respiration and cardiovascular function.

Answer 10

Medulla

Question 11

Includes most of the reticular activating system and the extrapyramidal system.

Answer 11

The Brain Stem

Question 12

Regulates activity, sensation, and emotion.

Answer 12

Thalamus

Question 13

Temperature regulation, appetite control, endocrine function, sexual drive, and impulsive behavior

Answer 13

Hypothalamus

Question 14

Disturbances implicated in memory loss that accompanies demotion and poorly controlled emotions and impulses seen with psychotic or manic behavior.

Answer 14

The Limbic System

Question 15

Excitatory neurotransmitter that is implicated in schizophrenia and other psychoses as well as in movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.

Answer 15

Dopamine

Question 16

Excitatory neurotransmitter located primarily in the brain stem and is involved in control of complex movements, motivation, cognition, and regulation of emotional responses.

Answer 16

Dopamine

Question 17

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays an important role in anxiety, mood disorders, schizophrenia and depression.

Answer 17

Serotonin

Question 18

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that is involved in the control of food intake, sleep and wakefulness, temperature regulation, pain control, sexual behavior, and regulation of emotions.

Answer 18

Serotonin

Question 19

Most prevalent neurotransmitter

Answer 19

Norepinephrine

Question 20

Plays a role in changes in attention, learning and memory, sleep and wakefulness and mood regulation.

Answer 20

Norepinephrine

Question 21

It is implicated in several anxiety disorders and deficits contribute to memory loss, social withdrawal, and depression.

Answer 21

Norepinephrine

Question 22

People with Alzheimer’s disease have decreased ___________-secreting neurons and people with myasthenia gravis have reduced ___________receptors.

Answer 22

Acetylcholine

Question 23

Excitatory neurotransmitter that is implicated in brain damage caused by stroke, hypoglycemia, sustained hypoxia or ischemia and some degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

Answer 23

Glutamate

Question 24

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that is involved in the regulation of spinal and brainstem reflexes. Decreased levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain spastic disorders.

Answer 24

Glycine

Question 25

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 25

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA

Question 26

Decreased levels are implicated in etiology of anxiety disorders and movement disorders e.g., epilepsy.

Answer 26

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA

Question 27

Morphine like functions thought to have a role in pain regulation. Linked to the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer 27

Endorphins & Enkephalins