Neurobiological Basis of Emotion, Cognition, Behavior and Relations

Question 1

Effect: Glutamate

Answer 1

Learning and Memory

Question 2

Effect: Dopamine

Answer 2

Reward, motivation, pleasure, euphoria

Control of Fine Motor

Question 3

Parkinson’s Disease results from?

Answer 3

Atrophy/Blockage of Dopamine

Question 4

Effect: Serotonin

Answer 4

Unusual states of pleasure

Question 5

What three organs mainly respond to stress?

Answer 5

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Adrenal Cortex

Question 6

What does the Hypothalamus produce under stress?

Answer 6

Corticotropic Releasing Hormone

Question 7

What does the Pituitary produce under stress?

Answer 7

Converts precursor molecules to Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Opioids and Melatonin

Question 8

What does the Adrenal Cortex produce under stress?

Answer 8

Glucocorticoids

Question 9

What inhibits the hypothalamus from producing more CRH and Pituitary from producing ACTH?

Answer 9

Glucocorticoids

Question 10

What is secreted during sleep?

Answer 10

Growth Hormones

Question 11

What are the different Dopamine receptors?

Where are they located?

Answer 11

D2-4 in the Nucleus Accumbens (Evokes Pleasure)

D1, D5 in the Frontal Lobe (For Pleasure)

Question 12

Function: Cortical Memory

Answer 12

Long term storage of pleasurable experiences

Question 13

What part of the brain perceives fear?

Answer 13

Amygdala

Question 14

Fear Pathway

Answer 14

1. Thalamus receives signals and sends to both amygdala and cortex
2. Amygdala registers danger
3. Amygdala triggers fast response
4. More considered response based on cortical processing

Question 15

[Anger]

Where is it processed?

Answer 15

Thalamus

Question 16

[Anger]

What is responsible for autonomic response and predatory aggression?

Answer 16

Lateral Thalamus

Question 17

[Anger]

Function: Periaqueductal Gray Matter

Answer 17

Responsible for coping behavior and defensive aggregation

Question 18

Thinking is a function of?

Answer 18

Frontal Lobe

Question 19

Steps for Memory

Answer 19

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

Question 20

What does sleep enhance?

Answer 20

Glutaminergic Activity for long-term memory storage

Question 21

Function: Hippocampus

Answer 21

Consolidation of Memory
Spatial Consciousness
Storage of Verbal Memory

Question 22

Define: Social Cognition

Answer 22

Ability of organisms to understand others as being like themselves who have intentions and mental lives of their own

Question 23

Define: Mirror Neurons

Answer 23

Structures that become active when a person observes an act being executed by another