Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
3 Divisions of the ANS
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
- Enteric (Not discussed)
Functions of the ANS
- Maintain homeostatic conditions
- Coordinate body’s response to stress, injury, exercise
- Assists endocrine system to regulate reproduction
Where are postganglionic neurons found?
In the Autonomic Ganglion
Differentiate Somatic Motor Systems from Autonomic Motor Systems
Somatic: Direct motor transmission to the skeletal muscle
Autonomic: Preganglionic fibers transmit to Autonomic Ganglions then pass information to the postganglionic fibers to end effector organs
What channels do acetylcholine open?
Sodium Channels
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic both use what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Receptors for Sympathetic Division?
Adrenergic
In Parasympathetic Division what secretes acetylcholine?
Post-ganglionic Fibers
Alternate name of Sympathetic Division?
Parasympathetic Division?
Thoracolumbar Division
Craniosacral Division
Sympathetic Pre-Ganglionic Secrete?
Post-Ganglionic Secrete?
Pre: Acetylcholine
Post: Norepinephrine
All post-ganglionic of the Sympathetic Division secrete Norepinephrine except?
Blood Vessels
Sweat Glands
[T/F] Acetylcholine is the only neurotransmitter found in the pre-ganglionic fibers
F
There are other neurotransmitters which may modulate effects
What provides the fast EPSP’s?
Nicotinic Receptors
Which Division is more generalized?
Which one is more specific? Why?
Sympathetic Division is more generalized
The parasympathetic ganglions are closer to the end organs making the effects more local and precise
Acetylcholine is degraded by?
Acetylcholinesterase
Adrenal Medulla can target a lot more because it uses this pathway to spread Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine?
Blood Stream
Chromaffin Cells are what kind of ganglionic fibers?
Post-ganglionic
Adrenaline is from what AA?
Tyrosine
Origin of Adrenaline Pathway
Tyrosine -> Dopamine -> Noradrenaline -> Adrenaline
Locus Coeruleus neurons produce?
Noradrenaline
Organs Effected by Locus Coeruleus (A4, A6, Subcoeruleus)
Brainstem Nuclei (Sensory)
Hippocampus
Cerebral Cortex
Major Neuronal Sources of Noradrenaline (2)
Ventral Tegmental Nuclei
Locus Coeruleus Nuclei
Most Important Source of Adrenaline
Adrenal Medulla
C1, C2, C3 Neurons
Unlike Noradrenaline which are A1-A6
Can a single neuron contain both Adrenergic and Noradrenergic transmitters?
Yes
What neurons are all cholinergic?
Preganglionic
In a normal individual what is the BP response when one changes position from recumbent to standing? Normal heart rate response?
Assumption of an upright posture causes blood to shift downwards,
creating a decrease in stroke volume. The circulatory adjustment to orthostatic stress is rapid in healthy subjects. Mechanisms like cardiopulmonary reflexes, venoarteriolar reflexes, and vasopressin (AVP) and renin-angiotensin systems contribute to maintenance of postural normotension (Wieling & Van Lieshout, 1993).
Galvanic Skin-Resistance Test
Excessive Sweating
