Basal Ganglia and Thalamus

Question 1

Lentiform Nucleus Components

Answer 1

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

Question 2

Striatum Components

Answer 2

Caudate Nucleus

Putamen

Question 3

Corpus Striatum

Answer 3

Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

Question 4

Basal Ganglia Functions (6)

Answer 4

1. Integrates feeling and movement
2. Initiates internally generated movements
3. Shifts and smoothes fine motor behavior
4. Suppresses unwanted motor behaviors
5. Enhances motivation
6. Allows feelings of pleasure/ecstasy

Question 5

Function: Claustrum

Answer 5

Regulation of Emotion and Sexual Arousal

Question 6

Function: Substantia Nigra

Answer 6

Neurons are dopaminergic and inhibitory and have many connections to the corpus striatum

Question 7

Function: Subthalamic Nuclei of Luys

Answer 7

Neurons are glutaminergic and excitatory and have many connections to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra

Question 8

Location: Extra-pyramidal System

Answer 8

Motor System

Question 9

Location: Extra-pyramidal Tracts

Answer 9

Reticular Formation of Pons and Medulla

Question 10

Afferent Fibers (3)

Answer 10

1. Corticostriate Fibers
2. Nigrostriate Fibers
3. Striatopallidal Fibers

Question 11

Neurotranmitters of:

1. Corticostriate Fibers
2. Nigrostriate Fibers
3. Striatopallidal Fibers

Answer 11

1. Glutamate
2. Dopamine
3. GABA

Question 12

Is Dopamine an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Answer 12

Both!

Dopamine is both an excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter. Dopaminergic projections excite striatal cells of the direct (excitatory) loop through the D1 receptors in these cells, and they inhibit striatal cells of the indirect (inhibitory) loop through D2 receptors on these cells.


Question 13

Efferent Fibers (1)

Answer 13

Pallidofugal Fibers

Globus Pallidus -> Thalamus

Question 14

Where do the divisions of these Pallidofugal Fibers pass to?

1. Ansa Lenticularis
2. Fasciculus Lenticularis
3. Pallidotegmental Fibers
4. Pallidosubthalamic Fibers

Answer 14

1. Thalamic Nuclei
2. Subthalamus
3. Terminate in the caudal tegmentum of the midbrain
4. Subthalamic Nuclei

Question 15

[Identify]

Quick, lightning-fast movements of face and upper extremities

Answer 15

Tic

Question 16

[Identify]

Oscillatory, rhythmic, regular movement affecting one or more body parts

Answer 16

Tremor

Question 17

[Identify]

Involuntary, irregular, purposeless, non- rhythmic, abrupt, rapid, unsustained movements that seem to flow from one body part to another

Answer 17

Chorea

Question 18

[Identify]

Slow, writhing, continuous involuntary movement

Answer 18

Athetosis

Question 19

[Identify]

Very large amplitude choreic movements of the proximal parts of the limbs causing flinging and flailing of limbs

Answer 19

Ballismus

Question 20

[Identify]

Twisting movements that tend to be sustained at the peak of the movement, frequently repetitive and often progress to prolonged abnormal postures

Answer 20

Dystonia

Question 21

[Identify]

Sudden, brief, shock-like involuntary movements caused by muscular contractions

Answer 21

Myoclonus

Question 22

Clinical Features of Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 22

TRAP

o Tremors at rest
o Rigidity
o Akinesia/ bradykinesia
o Postural instability

Question 23

Function: Habenula

Answer 23

Food and Water Intake

Question 24

Which thalamic nucleus does not send axons to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 24

Reticular Nucleus

Question 25

Two Sensor-Motor Axonal Loops Necessary for Normal Voluntary Movement Involving the Cerebellum and Basal Nuclei

Answer 25

Cerebellar-rubro-thalamic-cortico-ponto-cerebellar Loop

Cortical-strial-pallidal-thalamic-cortical Loop