Neuroanatomy (Part 1)

Question 1

Define the somatic nervous system

Answer 1

Afferent and efferent structures of the PNS that communicate between the skin, skeletal muscles, or joints and the CNS

Question 2

What makes up the Autonomic nervous system?

Answer 2

Parasympathetic, sympathetic and enteric nervous systems

Question 3

What is the name of the boundary between the CNS and PNS?

Answer 3

Redlich- Obersteiner’s zone

Question 4

Redlich- Obersteiner’s zone is marked by what?

Answer 4

the basal lamina of the surrounding Schwann cell, the myelinating cell of the peripheral nervous system

Question 5

What are the 5 parts of the brain?

Answer 5

1) Telencephalon
2) Diencephalon
3) Mesencephalon
4) Metencephalon
5) Myelencephalon

Question 6

What is contained within the telencephalon?

Answer 6

Cerebral hemispheres 
    o Cerebral cortex 
    o Basal ganglia 
    o Lateral ventricles 
              Foramina of Monro (interventricular foramina), which connect the lateral ventricles with the diencephalic third ventricle.
    o Closely tied to olfactory nerves

Question 7

What is contained within the diencephalon?

Answer 7

• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus (and pituitary)
• Subthalamus
• Epithalamus
• Third ventricle
• Cranial nerve II

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Question 8

What is contained within the mesencephalon (midbrain)?

Answer 8

• Tegmentum (floor: including cerebral peduncles or crus cerebri)
• Tectum (roof: corpora quadrigemina or superior and inferior colliculi)
• Cerebral aqueduct
• Cranial nerves III and IV

Question 9

What make up the Metencephalon (derived from the rhombencephalon)?

Answer 9

Pons
Cerebellum (cerebellar hemispheres and vermis)
Rostral fourth ventricle
Cranial nerves V - VIII

Question 10

What makes up the Myelencephalon (derived from the rhombencephalon)?

Answer 10

-Medulla oblongata
-Caudal fourth ventricle
o Foramina of Magendi (“M” for medial) and Luschka (“L” for lateral) communicate between the fourth ventricle and the subarachnoid space
o Central canal of the medulla is continuous with the spinal central canal
-Cranial nerves IX - XII

Question 11

What is the function of the frontal lobe of the Cerebral Hemisphere.

Answer 11

Motor planning and execution, language production, judgment, and working (short-term) memory.

Question 12

What is the functional aspect of the parietal lobe of the Cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 12

Somatosensory processing

Question 13

What is the function of the occipital lobe of the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 13

Visual processing

Question 14

What is the function of the temporal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 14

Auditory processing

Question 15

What is the function of the limbic lobe of the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 15

Functionally tied to emotion and memory

Question 16

What is the function of the insular lobe of the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 16

Varied functions (e.g., autonomic and interoceptive).

Question 17

What is the function of the Thalamus (Diencephalon)?

Answer 17

modulates and relays sensory information (from sensory systems) and motor information from the basal ganglia and cerebellum to the cerebral cortex.

Question 18

What is the function of the hypothalamus (Diencephalon)?

Answer 18

subserves many functions concerned with homeostasis and reproduction

Question 19

What is the function of the subthalamus (Diencephalon)?

Answer 19

subserves many functions concerned with homeostasis and reproduction

Question 20

What is the function of the epithalamus (Diencephalon)?

Answer 20

participates in endocrine function.

Question 21

What is the function of the Mesencephalon (Midbrain)?

Answer 21

Contains neurons forming part of the motor system.
Regulates eye movements.
Promotes alertness/arousal.

Question 22

What is the function of the Pons (Mesencephalon)?

Answer 22

o Ventral region relays motor information from cerebral cortex to cerebellum
o Dorsal region involved in respiration, taste and circuits controlling sleep/wake cycles.
o Regulates motor function.

Question 23

What are the functions of the cerebellum (Metencephalon)?

Answer 23

o Receives somatosensory information from the spinal cord, motor information from cerebral cortex (and other motor centers), and vestibular information from organs of inner ear.
o Maintains posture and balance.
o Smoothes and coordinates movement by regulating motor centers.

Question 24

What are the functions of the Medulla Oblongata (Metencephalon)?

Answer 24

• Some nuclei control respiration, blood pressure and motor activity of the mouth.
• Other nuclei receive sensory information from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.

Question 25

What are the functions of the spinal chord (Metencephalon)?

Answer 25

• Provides pathways for somatosensory information received from most of the body.
• Carries motor information from the brain to control the somatic muscles and viscera.