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Anatomy 2020 > Neuroanatomy, Brain, and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy, Brain, and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cranial meninges?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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2
Q

Dura mater (tough mother)

A

tough, thick external fibrous layer

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3
Q

Arachnoid mater (spider mother)

A

thin intermediate layers

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4
Q

Pia mater (gentle mother)

A

delicate internal vascular layer

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5
Q

What type of hematoma can occur in the dura mater?

A

epidural hematoma; on top of the dura

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6
Q

Blood supply to the dura mater

A

middle meningeal artery

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7
Q

What are the dural reflections?

A

Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli

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8
Q

Falx cerebri

A

separates L and R cerebral hemispheres

Sagittal vein - drainage of the brain

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9
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

separates cerebellar hemispheres

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10
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

separates occipital lobes from cerebellum
Above - posterior
Below - anterior

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11
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses?

A 
Superior sagittal sinus 
Inferior sagittal sinus 
Straight sinus 
Transverse sinuses 
Sigmoid sinuses 
Occipital sinus 
Cavernous sinus

Drains into IJV to Vena Cava

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12
Q

Cavernous sinus

A

Bilaterally on each side of sella turcica on sphenoid bone

Plexus of veins from orbit to temporal bone (petrous part)

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13
Q

What structures run among the veins?

A

Internal carotid a.

CNs III-VI

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14
Q

What is outside of the cavernous sinus?

A

CNV1 and V2

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15
Q

False localizing sign

A

compression in the cavernous sinus (not the brain stem)

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16
Q

Clinical correlate: Subdural hematoma

A

hemorrhage beneath the dura
associated with trauma
rotation
slow bleed

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17
Q

Parts of the brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem

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18
Q

Cerebum components

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital

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19
Q

Frontal lobe

A

voluntary motor functions, planning, mood, smell and social judgment

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20
Q

Parietal lobe

A

receives and integrates sensory information

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21
Q

Occipital lobe

A

visual center of brain

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22
Q

Temporal lobe

A

areas for hearing, smell, learning, memory, emotional behavior

limbic system

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23
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal lobes

Olfactory bulbs and tract

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24
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A

Temporal lobes (and pituitary gland)

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25
Q

Brainstem components

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata (respiration and heart rate)

26
Q

Function of brainstem

A

Produce rigidly programmed, automatic behaviors necessary for survival (like breathing)

27
Q

Cerebellum component

A

Arbor vitae (tree of life)

28
Q

Cerebellum function

A

balance, smooth/coordinated motion

takes information from outside world

inhibited by alcohol intake

29
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

Brainstem

Cerebellum

30
Q

Grey and white matter

A

Grey - cell bodies

White - axons

31
Q

Grey matter

A

nuclei deep within brain

32
Q

White matter

A

forms tracts that connects parts of the brain

33
Q

Ventricular system

A

CSF secreted 400-500 mL/day by cells in choroid plexus

Flows into cisterns, then superiorly through sulci and fissures of cerebrum

34
Q

Ventricular system function

A

buoyancy of brain

protective cushioning

35
Q

CSF absorption

A

Absorbed into venous system via arachnoid granulations

36
Q

Clinical correlate: hydrocephalus

A

Overproduction of CSF, flow obstruction, or malabsorption

Excess CSF: dilates ventricles, thins brain

37
Q

Blood supply to the brain

A

internal carotid aa.

vertebral aa.

38
Q

Vertebral aa.

A

Branch of subclavian a.

Course through transverse foramina of vertebrae

39
Q

Vertebral aa. forms what?

A

Vertebral aa. come together to form basilar a. (over the pons)

40
Q

Circle of Willis

A 
Anterior cerebral a.
Middle cerebral a.
Posterior cerebral a.
Basilar a.
Vertebral a.

All blood supply tp the brain

41
Q

Corpus callossum

A

Connects both sides of the brain

42
Q

Functions of the CSF

A

nutrients
buoyancy
shock absorption

43
Q

Venous drainage of the brain

A

Cerebral veins

Great cerebral veins

44
Q

Cerebral veins

A

neartest dural venous sinus

45
Q

Great cerebral vein

A

midline

merges with inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus

46
Q

Spinal cord and meginges

A

Vertebral canal and spinal cord

47
Q

vertebral canal

A

spinal cord, meninges, spinal nerve roots

48
Q

spinal cord

A

continuation of the medulla oblongata

Ends ~T12-L3

49
Q

Two enlargements

A

cervical (gives rise to brachial plexus) and lumbosacral (gives rise to lumbar and sacral plexuses)

50
Q

What are the spinal meninges?

A 
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Epidural space
Subarachnoid space
51
Q

Dura mater

A

forms dural sac, ends at S2

52
Q

What is deep to arachnoid mater?

A

subarachnoid space! cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

53
Q

Clinical correlate: lumbar puncture

A

“spinal tap”

Needle inserted into subarachnoid space to obtain sample of CSF from lumbar cistern

Between L3 and L4

54
Q

Denticulate ligaments

A

sheet of pia mater, suspends spinal cord in the dural sac

55
Q

Conus medullaris and cauda equina

A

L1-L2
terminal end

cauda equina

56
Q

Spinal nerves

A 
31 pairs: 8 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
57
Q

Where do rootlets converge?

A

dorsal and ventral roots

58
Q

Dorsal roots

A

afferent (sensory)

59
Q

Ventral roots

A

efferent (motor) to skeletal muscle and presynaptic autonomics

60
Q

What is a spinal nerve?

A

Dorsal root + Ventral root

Anatomy 2020 (5 decks)

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