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Anatomy 2020 > A5 Eye > Flashcards

A5 Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Eyelids

A

Moveable folds covered externally by skin and internally by conjunctiva

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2
Q

Conjunctiva

A

transparent mucous membrane

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3
Q

Palpebral

A

covers the inner surface of the eyelid

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4
Q

bulbar

A

continuous with the palpebral conjunctiva and covers the sclera

contains blood vessels

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5
Q

conjunctival sac

A

space bounded by the palpebral and and bulbar conjunctiva

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6
Q

obicularis oculi

A

muscle around the eye the allows for facial expression

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7
Q

superior and inferior tarsi

A

dense band of connective tissue

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8
Q

tarsal glands

A

secretes lipids to lubricate the eyelid

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9
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

contains the lacrimal gland, duct, and canaliculi

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10
Q

lacrimal gland

A

produces tears

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11
Q

lacrimal canaliculi

A

takes tears from the lacrimal lake to the lacrimal sac to the nasolacrimal duct to nasal cavity

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12
Q

lacrimal lake

A

pinkish yellow reservoir of tears

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13
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

raises the upper eyelid

oculomotor n. (CN III)

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14
Q

parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal apparatus

A

secretomotor innervation from CNVII

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15
Q

sympathetic innervation to the lacrimal apparatus

A

vasoconstrictive innervation from superior cervical ganglion

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16
Q

Name the extra ocular rectus muscles

A

superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
lateral rectus

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17
Q

Name the extra ocular oblique muscles

A

superior oblique

inferior oblique

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18
Q

innervation of the rectus muscles

A

oculomotor n. (CN III)

abducent n. (CN VI) - innervates the lateral recuts

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19
Q

innervation of the oblique muscles

A

IO - oculomotor n. (CNIII)

SO - trochlear n. (IV)

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20
Q

There is movement around three axes. What are they?

A

vertical
transverse
anteroposterior

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21
Q

Vertical movement of the eye

A

moves the eye medially and laterally

aka ABduction/ADDuction

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22
Q

Transverse movement of the eye

A

moves the eye superiorly and inferiorly

AKA elevation/depression

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23
Q

Anteroposterior movement of the eye

A

moves the posterior pole of the eye superiorly and inferiorly

AKA intorsion/extorsion

24
Q

Superior rectus movements

A

elevation, adduction, intorsion

25
Q

inferior rectus movements

A

depression, adduction, extorsion

26
Q

medial rectus

27
Q

lateral rectus

28
Q

superior oblique

A

depression, abduction, intorsion

29
Q

inferior oblique

A

elevation, abduction, extorsion

30
Q

Layers of the eyeball

A

Fibrous
Vascular
Inner: retina

31
Q

Components of the fibrous layer

A

sclera and cornea

32
Q

Sclera

A

white of the eye; dense connective tissue

33
Q

cornea

A

clear anterior surface of the eye; continuous with the sclera

34
Q

components of the vascular layer

A

choroid
ciliary body
iris

35
Q

choroid

A

dense vascular bed

36
Q

ciliary body

A

muscular and vascular, connects choroid to iris

37
Q

What controls the thickness of the lens (focus)?

A

contraction and relaxation of the ciliary body

38
Q

iris

A

thin, contractile diaphragm with a central hole (pupil) –> transmits light

39
Q

Retina layers

A

neural: light receptive, contains rods and cones

Pigmented: reduces light scatter

40
Q

ocular fundus

A

posterior part of the retina where light is focused

41
Q

optic disc

A

where the optic nerve hits the back of the eye

42
Q

macula lutea

A

“yellow spot” apparent only when examined with red-free light

43
Q

fovea centralis

A

area of most acute vision

44
Q

Detached retina

A

Usually results from fluid seepage between neural and pigmented layers of retina after trauma

Presents as flashes of light or floating specks

45
Q

pneumatic retinopexy

A

gas bubble pushes retina back in place, laser to seal hole

46
Q

types of accommodation

A

distant vision

near vision

47
Q

distant vision

A

absence of nerve stimulation meaning:

ciliary muscle relaxed
zonular fibers tense
lens stretched thin

48
Q

near vision

A

parasympathetic stimulation via CN III causes:

ciliary muscle contract
relaxation of zonular fibers
lens becomes more spherical

49
Q

what is the default shape of the lens?

50
Q

what happens to the lens with age?

A

thickness of lens increases

ability to accommodate is restricted (after age 40)

require reading glasses

51
Q

Optic nerve (CNII)

A 
Special sensory (vision)
Right and left cross at optic chiasm and exits cranial cavity through optic canal
52
Q

Pupillary light reflex

A
  1. Lightstimulatesretina,CNII:Optic n.
  2. AfferentsfromOpticn.pass through optic chiasm, synapse at pretectal nuclei
  3. PretectalneuronssignalEdinger- Westphal nucleus
  4. EWNsendsparasympathetic signals through CN III: Oculomotor n. (efferent) to sphincter pupillae m.
53
Q

Pupil dilation is under what control?

A

sympathetic control

54
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

lack of sympathetic activity which manifests as:

pupil constriction
drooping of superior eyelid
vasodilation
absence of sweating

55
Q

Arteries of orbit

A

Mostly from ophthalmic a.

Central retinal a. branches off ophthalmic and runs in optic n. to eyeball

56
Q

Veins of orbit

A

superior and inferior ophthalmic veins -> superior orbital fissure to cavernous sinus

Anatomy 2020 (5 decks)

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