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Anatomy 2020 > A5 Ear > Flashcards

A5 Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Components of external ear

A

External auditory acoustic meatus

Auricle

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2
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Conducts sound to tympanic membrane

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3
Q

Components of the auricle (pinna)

A 
Helix
Anti helix
Concha
Lobule (earlobe)
Tragus
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4
Q

How does sound travel?

A

Sound (vibrations) travel through EAM to tympanic membrane, TM moves, and vibrations are transmitted to the auditory ossicles

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5
Q

What are the three bones of the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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6
Q

What is the middle ear connected to?

A

Middle ear is connected to the nasopharynx via pharyngotympanic tube

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7
Q

The pharyngotympanic tube is also known as

A

Auditory tube aka Eustachian tube

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8
Q

The middle ear is protected by which two muscles?

A

Tensor tympani and stapedius

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9
Q

Tensor tympani

A

Pulls malleus medially and tenses tympanic membrane which reduces the amplitude of oscillations

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10
Q

Stapedius

A

Pulls stapes posteriorly away from the oval window and reduces oscillatory range

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11
Q

Describe the pharyngotympanic tube

A

It connects the tympanic cavity to nasopharynx
There is a bony part and a cartilaginous part
It is lined by a mucous membrane

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12
Q

Function of the pharyngotympanic tube

A

Equalize pressure in the middle ear with atmospheric pressure

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13
Q

Are the walls of the tube normally open or closed?

A

The walls are normally closed and must be actively opened by the muscles of the soft palate

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14
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Levator veli palatini

Tensor veli palatini

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15
Q

Otitis media

A

Middle ear infection

Common in infants and juveniles bc short and less angled PT tube

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16
Q

What does the inner ear contain?

A

Contains vestibulocochlear organ
Petrous part of temporal bone
Semicircular canals
Cochlea

17
Q

Function of vestibulocochlear organ

A

Functions in sound and balance

18
Q

Semicircular canal function

A

Specialized areas of sensory organs (maculae) that are sensitive to gravity and linear acceleration via movement in endolymph

19
Q

Innervation of the semicircular canal

A

Vestibular part of CNVIII

20
Q

Function of cochlea

A

Hearing

21
Q

Innervation of tensor tympani muscle

A

CN V3 trigeminal

22
Q

Innervation of the stapedius muscle

A

CN VII facial, chords tympani

23
Q

Innervation of the PT tube and tympanic membrane

A

CNIX glossopharyngeal

24
Q

Innervation of the vestibular hair cells and cochlear

A

CN VIII vestibulocochlear via internal acoustic meatus

Anatomy 2020 (5 decks)

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