Neuroanatomy Flashcards
afferent neurons
carry impulses TO the brain;
sensory
efferent neurons
carry info AWAY from the brain;
motor
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
controls and regulates internal body environment (heartbeat, relaxation, fight or flight)
reticular activating system (RAS)
integrates outgoing motor and incoming sensory impulses; attention and consciousness; sleep-wake cycles
thalamus
regulates sensory info; relays motor impulses; alertness
hypothalamus
emotions
extrapyramidal system
regulates and modifies motor movements (like speech)
cerebellum
balance, posture, fine motor; corridination of laryngeal muscles, effective respiration
pyramidal system
voluntary muscle movement; gross motor movements; UMN-hypertonia, LMN-hypotonia
corticobulbar tract
control voluntary movements of speech muscles (upper and lower motor neurons)
efferent tract; innervates all motor nuclei of LNS
extrapyramidal system
fine motor movementsl involuntary movement disorders, tremmors, dysconesia
internal carotid artery
major blood supply to brain
lesion in Basal Ganglia
unusual body posture, body tone, dysarthria, involuntary and uncontrolled movements (dyskinesias)
damage to Cerebellum
ataxia in cerebral palsy patients;
abnormal gait, balance off;
ataxic dysarthia*
damage to frontal lobe
difficulty with consciously organized activity
damage to parietal lobe
angular gyrus–writing, reading, naming difficulties
damage to temporal lobe
Wernicke’s aphasia
fluent but meaningless speech, language comprehension problems
Wernicke’s aphasia cased by lesion in
posterior of superior temporal gyrus
lesion in low motor neuron
flaccid paralysis
lesion to recurrent laryngeal nerve
paralysis of all intrinsic muscles of larynx but not cricothyroid
