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Neuro > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal lobe Fnxs

A

Motor, motor planning, speech, executive decisions, working memory, emotional processing

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2
Q

Parietal Lobe fnxs

A

somatosensory processing (touch, pain, and proprioception), attention, visual processing, body image, sensory-motor transformation

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3
Q

Temporal lobe fnxs

A

Auditory processing, visual processing, language, declarative memory, emotional processing

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4
Q

Occipital lobe fnxs

A

Visual processing
Primary visual cortex in medial calcarine fissure
Occipitotemporal gyrus for facial recognition

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5
Q

Basal ganglia function

A

voluntary movement control and cognition

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6
Q

Inferior parietal lobule fnx

A

perception, language, math, visuospatial cognition

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7
Q

Primary auditory cortex location

A

Superior temporal gyrus

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8
Q

Primary auditory cortex fnx

A

perception and localization of sounds

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9
Q

Superior temporal gyrus (left)

A

speech! wernicke’s area, e.g.,

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10
Q

Wernicke’s area (loc + funx)

A

Superior temporal gyrus (left)

understanding of speech

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11
Q

Inferior temporal gyrus

A

mediates perception of visual form and color

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12
Q

Calcarine fissure

A

medial brain surface where you find primary visual cortex

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13
Q

Gray matter

A

cellular region

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14
Q

white matter

A

axon region

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15
Q

dorsal horn

A

sensory

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16
Q

ventral horn

A

motor

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17
Q

dorsal column

A

ascending somatosensory axons

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18
Q

Pyramids (medulla)

A

Descending cortical fibers

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19
Q

Pyramidal decussation

A

spinal cord-medulla boundary (crossover)

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20
Q

Medial lemniscus

A

ascending somatosensory axons

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21
Q

Dorsal column nuclei and tracts

A

somatosensory tracts and nuclei

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22
Q

Olives (medulla)

A

bulge formed by inferior olivary nucleus

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23
Q

Cerebral aqueduct (midbrain-pons)

A

Connects IIIrd and IVth ventricles

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24
Q

4th ventricle

A

Ventricle in pons/medulla

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25
Q

Central canal

A

ventricle in medulla and spinal cord

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26
Q

Cerebellar peduncles (midbrain)

A

descending cortical fibers

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27
Q

Facial colliculus (pons)

A

facial nerge genu and abducens nucleus

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28
Q

Pontine nucleus

A

Motor

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29
Q

inferior colliculus (midbrain)

A

audition processing

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30
Q

superior colliculus (midbrain)

A

eye movements/visuo-motor

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31
Q

Substantia nigra (midbrain)

A

motor (basal ganglia)

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32
Q

Red nucleus (midbrain)

A

motor

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33
Q

3rd cranial nerve fascicles (midbrain)

A

motor (eye movements/ eye muscles)

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34
Q

Basis pedunculi (midbrain)

A

ventral portion of midbrain

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35
Q

Posterior commissure

A

Pupil regulation/accomodation

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36
Q

deep cerebellar nuclei

A

motor

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37
Q

Thalamus (diencephalon)

A

sensory/motor processing and relay to cortex

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38
Q

Thalamic adhesion

A

midline connection of thalami, thalamic nuc

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39
Q

Optic radiation

A

Thalamic projection to primary visual cortex

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40
Q

hypothalamus

A

homeostasis and autonomic

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41
Q

mammillary bodies

A

learning and memory

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42
Q

Pineal gland

A

circadian rhythms

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43
Q

Corpus collosum

A

axon pathway connecting hemispheres

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44
Q

Splenium

A

Part of corpus collosum, connecting occipital lobes

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45
Q

Body of corpus collosum

A

connecting frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

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46
Q

Genu of corpus collosum

A

connecting frontal lobes

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47
Q

Fornix

A

Axon projection from hippocampal formation to mammilary bodies

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48
Q

Fimbria (fornix)

A

Proximal to hippocampal formation

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49
Q

Body (fornix)

A

Posterior-anterior portion

50
Q

Columns (fornix)

A

descending portion to mammillary bodies

51
Q

Third ventricle

A

medial wall of diencephalon

52
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

sandwiched by cerebellum and pons/medulla

53
Q

Intervenricular foramen

A

Connects lateral and third ventricle

54
Q

lateral ventricle

A

C-shaped ventrical in all four lobes

55
Q

Anterior horn of LV

A

located in frontal lobe (LV = lateral ventricle)

56
Q

Body of LV

A

Frontla and parietal lobes

57
Q

Collateral trigone (atrium)

A

Junction of frontal, inferior and posterior horns

58
Q

Inferior horn of LV

A

temporal lobe

59
Q

Posterior horn of LV

A

occipital lobe

60
Q

Septum pelluicidum

A

Medial walls of lateral ventricles right in the middle of it all)

61
Q

Anterior commissure

A

tract connecting anterior portions of cortex

62
Q

Basal ganglia

A

motor function, made up of:

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

63
Q

Amygdala

A

emotions and fear behavior

64
Q

Claustrum

A

telencephalic nucleus, beneath insular cortex

65
Q

Internal capsule

A

Descending cortical axons (some ascending)

66
Q

Anterior limb of internal capsule

A

Separates caudate from putamen, descending frontal lobe axons

67
Q

Posterior limb of internal capsule

A

Separates basal ganglia from thalamus, descending corticospinal and corticopontine axons from cortex

68
Q

Genu of internal capsule

A

descending corticobulbar axons

69
Q

Frontal lobe (fnx + boundaries)

A 
Anterior
Boundaries:
Central sulcus
Lateral fissure
Superior sagittal fissure
70
Q

Parietal

A

Central sulcus, lateral fissure and parieto-occipital fissure

71
Q

Temporal

A

Inferior to lateral fissure

72
Q

Occipital

A

Posterior

Parieto-occipital sulcus = boundary

73
Q

Insular cortex

A

Lateral fissure; sensory processing

74
Q

Corpus Collosum

A

Medial surface; axon tract interconnecting homotopic regions and hemispheres

75
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Emotional aspects of sensory/motor function

76
Q

Parieto-occipital fissure

A

boundary of parietal/occipital lobe

77
Q

Calcarine fissure

A

primary visual cortex

78
Q

Orbital cortex

A

Cortex processing smell/emotions

79
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

Processing smell

80
Q

Olfactory tract

A

processing smell

81
Q

Occipitotemporal gyrus

A

visual processing

82
Q

Collateral sulcus

A

divides parahippocampal gyrus from OTG

83
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus

A

medial portion of temporal lobe; learning and memory

84
Q

uncus

A

Bulge at medial tip of temporal lobe formed by the amygdala

85
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides frontal and parietal lobes

86
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Divides frontal and parietal from temporal

87
Q

Superior middle inferior frontal gyri

A

motor planning/executive function

88
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex

89
Q

Broca’s area

A

motor aspects of speech (frontal lobe)

90
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

primary somatosensory cortex

91
Q

inferior parietal lobule

A

Language processing

92
Q

superior parietal lobule

A

attention

93
Q

supramarginal gyrus

A

speech, language processing

94
Q

Angular gyrus

A

language processing

95
Q

Superior-middle-inferior temporal gyri

A

auditory and visual processing

96
Q

Heschl’s gyri

A

primary auditory cortex

97
Q

Telencephalon

A

Caudate, Putamen, Internal Capsule

98
Q

Diencephalon (what’s there)

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus (medial)

99
Q

Midbrain (what’s there)

A

Superior and inferior colliculi
Cerebral peduncle
CN’s III and IV (IV comes from behind_

100
Q

Pons (what’s there)

A

Pontine nuclei, cerebellar peduncles

CN’s V-VIII

101
Q

Medulla (what’s there)

A

pyramid, olive, dorsal column nuclei and tracts

CN’s IX-XII

102
Q

Foramina of monro

A

connects lateral and third ventricles

103
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

connects third and fourth ventricles

104
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

part of basal ganglia, has critical motor function

105
Q

Hippocampal formation

A

with the fornix, plays critical role in learning/memory

106
Q

Amygdala

A

fear conditioning and emotions, deep to the uncus and just anterior to the hippocampus

107
Q

Commissures

A

connect homotopic (functionally-related) regions of the two cerebral hemispheres -
corpus callosum
anterior and posterior commissure

108
Q

Projection fibers

A

Interconnect a source in the cortex w/ a distant subcortical target (runs in the internal capsule) - corticospinal tract (motor cortex to spinal cord)

109
Q

Association fibers

A

Interconnect cortical regions in the same hemisphere, extreme and external capsules

110
Q

Internal capsule (lots of info)

A
  • Carries information past the basal ganglia, separating the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the putamen and the globus pallidus.
  • Contains both ascending and descending axons.
  • Contains fibers going to and coming from the cerebral cortex.
  • The corticospinal tract constitutes a large part of the internal capsule, carrying motor information from the primary motor cortex to the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord.
111
Q

External capsule

A

association fibers

112
Q

claustrum

A

island of gray matter receiving inputs from many areas of cortex

113
Q

Extreme capsule

A

association fibers

114
Q

Infundibular stalk

A

Connects hypothalamus with pituitary gland

115
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

a continuation of the descending fibers from the cortex riding in the internal capsule as they form the ventral surface of the midbrain

116
Q

Between what two structures does the posterior commissure boundary?

A

Caudal diencephalon and beginning of midbrain. Directly underneath the posterior commissure is the cerebral aqueduct.

117
Q

Motor decussation

A

spinal cord/medullary junction

aka pyramidal decussation

118
Q

Inferior olivary nucleus

A

in the medulla; motor (cerebellar) control

119
Q

pyramids

A

descending cortical fibers

120
Q

Structures common to all brain stem levels:

A

IVth ventricle
Medial lemniscus
Pyramids: Descending cortical fibers (corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine fibers)

Neuro (12 decks)

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