Neuroanatomy 2 Flashcards
how does the CSF get into the subarachnoid space
via the arachnoid granulations
where are all the cisterns
cisterna magna - just outside the point where the CSF circulation opens to the subarachnoid space - kinda inferior to cerebellum
interpeduncular - between the cerebral peduncles
pontine cistern - anterior to the pons
superior cistern - superior to cerebellum
whats the blood supply to the medulla lateral to medial
posterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral artery, anterior spinal artery.
whats the blood supply to the midpons lateral to medial
anterior inferior cerebellar, basilar ( short circumfrential), paramedian ( basiliar), then the superior bit behind the 4th ventricle is the superior cerebellar artery.
blood supply of the midbrain lateral to medial
quadreminal ( posterior cerebral), thalamoperforate (posterior cerebral), medial posterior choroidal ( posterior cerebral)
major branches of the vertebral artery, what they supply
posterior inferior cerebellar artery - lateral medulla and posterior inferior cerebellum
anterior spinal artery - medial medulla
major branches of the basilar artery and what they supply
anterior inferior cerebellar arteries - anterior inferior cerebellum
pontine arteries - small branches off the basilar artery most of pons
superior cerebellar arteries - superior cerebellum
major branches of the posterior cerebral arteries
central arteries - interpeduncular region of the midbrain
whats the names of all the cranial nerves
olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
are the cerberal and the cerebellar peduncles the same things
nah
where do we find the cerebral peduncles and what they do
these are on the ventral surface of the midbrain. these consist of fibres descending from the cortex to the brainstem and spinal cord. thus anchoring the cerebrum to the brainstem
whats the corpora quadrigemia
these are the four mounds on the back of the midbrain which is made of the superior colliculi and the inferior colliculi
whats the function of the superior colliculi
detecting moving objects in the visual field
coordinate head and eye movements
whats the function of the inferior colliculi
act in reflexive response to sound
where do we find the substantia nigra and whats its function
deep to the cerebral peduncle. it contains melanin - hence the black colouring, it is the precursor to dopamine. functional links to the basal nuclei. found at the superior colliculus level
wheres the red nucleus and what it do
it is a relay nucleus in some descending motor pathways. it is found in the midbrain at the superior colliculus level.
what cranial nerves can we find on the midbrain
occulomotor and trochlear
what cranial nerves do we find on the pons
trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear
where do we find the cerebellar peduncles
superior is midbrain level, middle is pons level, inferior is pons level
what parts of the brainstem share the pneumotaxic centre
the medulla and the pons
what are the major visual features of the medulla
the pyramids - made by the descending fibres of corticospinal tract.
olives
inferior cerebellar peduncle
what cranial nerves are associated with the medulla
glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
what major centres do we find in the medulla
cardiac centre - rate and force
vasomotor centre - vessel diameter
respiratory centre along with pons - for rate and depth of breathing.
whats the white matter of the cerebellum called
the arbor vitae
whats the folds of the cerebellum called and whats the middle bit called
folds - folia
middle is the vermis
whats the name of the intermediate hemisphere of the cerebellum
spinocerebellum
whats included in the spinocerebellum and whats its function
vermis and intermediate hemishperes makes it. posture and movement of the trunk and limbs
what makes the cerebrocerebellum and what it do
the 2 lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum. planning movement
what makes the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum
the nodulus and the 2 flocculus
what makes the vestibulocerebellum and what it do
flocculonodular lobe and its for balance, head and eye movements
whats the names of the deep cerebellar nuclei
dentate - biggest
interposed nuclei
fastigial nuclei
where is and whats the function of the choroid plexus
to make the CSF and its found in each of the ventricles but most production happens in the lateral ventricles
gracile nucleus carries sensation from what area
the lower limb
where are the premotor cortices and the secondary motor cortex
The premotor cortex lies anterior to the primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe, while the supplementary motor area (SMA) is located on the medial surface of the brain, anterior to the leg representation of the primary motor cortex
