Neuroanatomy 3 Flashcards
what are the significant gyri and sulci of the frontal lobe
central sulcus, precentral gyrus - motor cortex, superior middle and inferior frontal gyri. divided by superior and inferior frontal sulci
what special area do we find in the inferior frontal gyrus and what it do
brocas area - motor speech output is its function. made of the opercular and triangular parts of the gyri.
then there’s also orbital gyri
whats the function of the prefrontal cortex
intellect, cognition, recall and personality.
matures slowly and is dependant on feedback from ones environment.
it is also linked to the emotional part of the brain - limbic system - and plays role in ones intuition and mood.
gross features of the parietal lobe
central sulcus has postcentral gyrus behind it - primary somatosensory cortex.
then the intraparietal sulcus divides the superior and inferior parietal lobules
wheres the supramarginal gyrus and what does it do
it surrounds the posterior end of the lateral fissure
it interprets tactile sensory data and is involved in perception of space and limb location
where is the angular gyrus and what does it do
it surrounds the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus. or its just behind the supramarginal gyrus.
its involved in language, number processing and memory retrieval, and spatial recognition
why does each cerebellar exert ipsilateral influence on the body
as its fibres cross to the cortex through the superior cerebellar peduncle. then of course the motor outputs decussate in the corticospinal tract.
whats the spinocerebellar tract
a neuron which comes from the muscle spindle has cell body in the DRG and then synapse in the dorsal horn. then the second order neuron travels up the lateral column and goes to the cerebellum. no third order neuron.
wheres the visual association area
either side of the calcrine sulcus in the occipital lobe
whats the gross landmarks of the temporal lobe
the superior middle and inferior temporal gyri.
these are divided by the superior and inferior temporal sulci
what landmarks do we see on the inferior surface of the brain at the medial temporal lobe area
parahippocampal gyrus, uncus and amygdala, the rhinal sulcus and collateral sulcus
where are the transverse temporal gyri and function
in the insula lobe and these are the primary auditory cortex
wheres the wernickers area and its function
its the auditory association area. it sits at the end of the temporal sulcus mostly on the left side of the brain.
it does perception of sound, stores memories of sounds, involved in language process
what connects the brocas and wernickers areas
the arcuate fasciculi
where is the damage if we have nonfluent aphasia, conduction aphasia and fluent aphasia
nonfluent is brocas - as we can understand but cant make words
arcuate fasciculus is conduction as no comms between areas
fluent is wernickes area as we don’t understand whats going on and put out a nonsensickle response but the words are still said.
where can we find the hippocampus
the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
whats the parts of the fornix
the body, crus and columns, fimbria
whats the fimbria
the connection points of the fornix to the hippocampus
what does the fornix connect to
the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies
what are the parts of the parahippocampal gyrus called
entorhinal cortex, rhinal sulcus, perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex
whats the parts of the hippocampus
dentate gyrus, subiculum, cornu ammonis
what are the 6 layers of the cerebral cortex
molecular layer, external granular layer, external pyramidal, internal granular, internal pyramidal, multiform layer
what layer of the cortex are UMN found
these are the pyramidal cells, the betz cells. their axons descend down to become the corticospinal tract as these are the UMN.
tell me about the synapses of the ventral corticospinal tract
they are at the medial motor column on both sides, so the axial muscles have some redundancy in their innervation. which is why axial muscles are less affected by stroke.
whats the main use of the reticulospinal tract
this is the main pathway for autonomic commands descending from the brainstem
what inputs do layers 2&3 of the cerebrum receive
interhemispheric
what inputs does layer 4 of the cerebrum get
sensory inputs via thalamus
what is layer 5 of the cerebrum doing
has outgoin axons to other brain regions and spinal cord
whats layer 6 of the cerebrum doing
having reciprocal connections to the cortex
in motor cortex whats the somatotopy
Medial to lateral - leg arm head
in internal capsule whats the somatotopy
ant to post - head arm leg
in the midbrain whats the somatotopy
M-L head arm leg
in the pons whats the somatotopy
M-L shoulders/ hips - hand feet
in the medulla whats the somatotopy
M-L leg arm head
