Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is neuroanatomy?

A

The structure and organization of the nervous system.

Includes both the CNS and PNS and regions of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is gross neuroanatomy?

A

Anatomical features of the nervous system that are apparent to the naked eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The brain is compartmentalized. What does this mean?

A

Regions of the brain are specialized for different functions, which makes the brain efficient at processing multiple sources of information.

This is a useful evolutionary adaptation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the brain parsed?

A

By structure (cortical architecture) and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What divides the brain into left and right hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the key characteristics of the cerebral cortex?

A
  • Sulci (valleys) and Gyri (hills)
  • ‘Gray’ matter
  • Function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  • Occipital
  • Temporal
  • Parietal
  • Frontal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the key characteristics of subcortical structures?

A
  • Large, gray matter structures
  • Lots of connections with other regions
  • Diverse functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What functions is the Basal Ganglia involved in?

A
  • Motor control

- Connections to cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What functions is the Limbic System involved in?

A
  • Emotion

- Learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What functions is the Thalamus involved in?

A

-Sensory relay station

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What functions is the Hypothalamus involved in?

A

The 4 F’s

  • Fucking
  • Feeding
  • Fighting
  • Fleeing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What functions is the Cerebellum involved in?

A
  • Motor coordination

- Learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the horizontal plane divide the brain?

A

Slices it horizontally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the sagittal plane divide the brain?

A

Vertically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the coronal plane divide the brain?

A

Back of brain to front of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

towards the back of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

towards the front of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The frontal lobe is ______ to the occipital lobe.

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does dorsal (superior) mean?

A

towards the top of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does ventral (inferior) mean?

A

towards the bottom of the brain

22
Q

The parietal lobe is ______ to the temporal lobe.

A

superior

23
Q

What does medial mean?

A

towards the middle of the brain

24
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

towards the outside of the brain

25
Q

The corpus callosum is a more ____ structure than the temporal lobe.

A

medial

26
Q

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most critical for processing music or human speech?

A

Temporal lobe

27
Q

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most critical for making an important decision or solving a problem?

A

Frontal lobe
(prefrontal cortex)
(association cortex)

28
Q

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most critical when you visit an art museum?

A

Occipital lobe

29
Q

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most critical for imagining where furniture is spatially located in your bedroom?

A

Parietal lobe

30
Q

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most critical when you plan and execute a movement - like reaching out to grab your coffee cup?

A

Frontal lobe

31
Q

What part of the brain is necessary when you are coordinating movements during swimming (a repetitive task that involves the same basic movement pattern repeatedly)?

A

Cerebellum

32
Q

Henry cannot remember new facts, no matter how many times someone repeats them to him. What part of his brain is probably damaged?

A

Hippocampus

33
Q

What part of the brain is the ‘central relay station’?

A

Thalamus

34
Q

What is visual agnosia / prosopagnosia?

A
  • Damage to visual association areas in the occipital lobe
  • Damage to the fusiform face area
  • Leads to sensation without perception
35
Q

What can cause auditory hallucinations?

A

Temporal lobe seizures

36
Q

What are the two cell types found in the brain?

A
  • Neurons

- Glia

37
Q

What are the key characteristics of glia cells?

A
  • Structural support
  • Insulation
  • Storing energy
  • ‘Cleaning up’
  • Influence communication between neurons
38
Q

What are the two components of the neuron doctrine?

A
  1. The brain is composed of separate neurons and other cells that are independent structurally, metabolically, and functionally.
  2. Information is transmitted from cell to cell across tiny gaps (synapses)
39
Q

For any behavior or mental process to occur, neurons must ______.

A

communicate

40
Q

Neural communication is based on…

A

the structure of the neuron and how the structure supports neuronal functioning

41
Q

What are the 4 functional subdivisions of neurons?

A
  1. Input zone
  2. Integration zone
  3. Conduction zone
  4. Output zone
42
Q

The cells in the CNS are called _______.

A

oligodendrocytes

43
Q

The cells in the PNS are called ________.

A

Schwann cells

44
Q

What is the typical size of a neuron?

A

10-100 micrometers in diameter

45
Q

How can a neuron be shaped?

A
  • Bipolar
  • Unipolar
  • Multipolar
46
Q

Define the input zone

A

Where neurons collect and integrate information, either from the environment or from other cells

Involves the dendrites

47
Q

Define the integration zone

A

Where the decision to produce a neural signal is made

Involves the axon hillock

48
Q

Define the conduction zone

A

Where information can be transmitted over great distances

Involves the axon and myelin sheath

49
Q

Define the output zone

A

Where the neuron transfers information to other cells

Involves the axon terminals

50
Q

How can neurons be classified according to function?

A
  • Interneurons
  • Sensory neurons
  • Motor neurons
51
Q

Neuronal communication occurs through….

A

Electrical signaling (action potentials)

Chemical signaling (release of neurotransmitters)

Neuroscience (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions