Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What are the 3 major structures of the brain?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
What is meant by contralateral?
The opposite side of the brain controls the body.
What is meant by ipsilateral?
The same side of the brain controls the same side of the body.
What are the 4 anatomical directions?
⬆️ = Dorsal ➡️ = Caudal ⬇️ = Ventral ⬅️ = Rostral
What are the 3 planes of the brain?
Horizontal = top/bottom Transverse = front/back Sagittal = left/right
What are the 2 types of matter and what are they made from?
Grey matter = cell bodies and dendrites.
White matter = corpus callusom.
What is the pathway that connects the left and right hemispheres?
Commissure
What are menigers?
The layers of tissue that protect the brain
What are the 3 layers that protect the brain?
Menigers
- outer = Dura mater
- middle = arachnoid membrane
- inner = Pia matter
What is meant by the blood brain barrier?
A semipermeable barrier where only small molecules and lipid solubles can pass through.
They provide protection from potentially dangerous chemicals and maintain a stable environment
What are the 4 lobes of the brain and their functions?
Frontal - Motor and cognition, executive functions.
Parietal - somatosensory and direct movement
Temporal - hearing, visions, cognitions and emotion
Occipital - visual processing
What are Sulci?
Clefts, cracks and grooves
What are gyri
The folds of the brain
What principle structures are located in the forebrain?
Cerebral cortex Basil ganglia Limbic system Thalamus Hypothalamus
What principle structures are located in the midbrain?
Tectum
Tegmentum
What principle structures are located in the hind brain?
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata
What is the basal ganglia?
A collection of nuclei, important for the control of movement and reward systems
What are the 4 parts of the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Striatum
What is the function of the limbic system?
Important for emotion, learning and memory
What are the 5 parts of the limbic system?
Limbic cortex Hippocampus Amygdala Fornix Mammillary bodies
What is the function of the amygdala?
Important for emotion and learning and also has a role in fear related behaviour
What is the function of the thalamus?
Acts as relegated, receiving sensory info and sending it to the cortex.
Receive info from the cortex and sends it to other parts of the cortex
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Controls the autonomic nervous system
What is the function of the Tectum
Involved in visual and auditory processing
What is the function of the tegmentum?
Sleep, arousal, attention and movement
What is the function of the pons?
Relay info from the cortex to the cerebellum
- involved in sleep and arousal
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Receives visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor info -> integrates this -> modifies motor output
Important for the coordination of movement
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
Regulation of cardio system
