Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What are the 3 major structures of the brain?

Answer 1

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

Question 2

What is meant by contralateral?

Answer 2

The opposite side of the brain controls the body.

Question 3

What is meant by ipsilateral?

Answer 3

The same side of the brain controls the same side of the body.

Question 4

What are the 4 anatomical directions?

Answer 4

⬆️ = Dorsal
➡️ = Caudal
⬇️ = Ventral
⬅️ = Rostral

Question 5

What are the 3 planes of the brain?

Answer 5

Horizontal = top/bottom
Transverse = front/back
Sagittal = left/right

Question 6

What are the 2 types of matter and what are they made from?

Answer 6

Grey matter = cell bodies and dendrites.

White matter = corpus callusom.

Question 7

What is the pathway that connects the left and right hemispheres?

Answer 7

Commissure

Question 8

What are menigers?

Answer 8

The layers of tissue that protect the brain

Question 9

What are the 3 layers that protect the brain?

Answer 9

Menigers

• outer = Dura mater
• middle = arachnoid membrane
• inner = Pia matter

Question 10

What is meant by the blood brain barrier?

Answer 10

A semipermeable barrier where only small molecules and lipid solubles can pass through.
They provide protection from potentially dangerous chemicals and maintain a stable environment

Question 11

What are the 4 lobes of the brain and their functions?

Answer 11

Frontal - Motor and cognition, executive functions.
Parietal - somatosensory and direct movement
Temporal - hearing, visions, cognitions and emotion
Occipital - visual processing

Question 12

What are Sulci?

Answer 12

Clefts, cracks and grooves

Question 13

What are gyri

Answer 13

The folds of the brain

Question 14

What principle structures are located in the forebrain?

Answer 14

Cerebral cortex
Basil ganglia
Limbic system
Thalamus 
Hypothalamus

Question 15

What principle structures are located in the midbrain?

Answer 15

Tectum

Tegmentum

Question 16

What principle structures are located in the hind brain?

Answer 16

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 17

What is the basal ganglia?

Answer 17

A collection of nuclei, important for the control of movement and reward systems

Question 18

What are the 4 parts of the basal ganglia?

Answer 18

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Striatum

Question 19

What is the function of the limbic system?

Answer 19

Important for emotion, learning and memory

Question 20

What are the 5 parts of the limbic system?

Answer 20

Limbic cortex
Hippocampus 
Amygdala 
Fornix
Mammillary bodies

Question 21

What is the function of the amygdala?

Answer 21

Important for emotion and learning and also has a role in fear related behaviour

Question 22

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 22

Acts as relegated, receiving sensory info and sending it to the cortex.
Receive info from the cortex and sends it to other parts of the cortex

Question 23

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 23

Controls the autonomic nervous system

Question 24

What is the function of the Tectum

Answer 24

Involved in visual and auditory processing

Question 25

What is the function of the tegmentum?

Answer 25

Sleep, arousal, attention and movement

Question 26

What is the function of the pons?

Answer 26

Relay info from the cortex to the cerebellum

- involved in sleep and arousal

Question 27

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 27

Receives visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor info -> integrates this -> modifies motor output
Important for the coordination of movement

Question 28

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 28

Regulation of cardio system