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Neuroanatomy > Neuroanatomy 1 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up PNS?

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves + 31 pairs of spinal nerves and their branches

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3
Q

How many primary vesicles are there at 4 weeks?

A

3 - make up forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

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4
Q

How many secondary vesicles are there at 8 weeks?

A

5

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5
Q

What does the telencephalon form in the mature brain?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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6
Q

What does the diencephalon form in the mature brain?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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7
Q

What does the mesencephalon form in the mature brain?

A

Midbrain

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8
Q

What does the metencephalon form in the mature brain?

A

Pons and cerebellum

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9
Q

What does the myelencephalon form in the mature brain?

A

Medulla oblongata

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10
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

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11
Q

What is the bulge/ bulb in brainstem?

A

Pons

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12
Q

What grows from the pons?

A

Cerebellum

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13
Q

What is the function of neurones?

A

Receive info from synapses, integrate it and transmit electrical impulses to another neurone or effector cell

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14
Q

What is the function of axons?
Direction of transmission of info
And type of AP

A

Transmit info AWAY from neurone in ALL or nothing AP

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15
Q

What is the function of dendrites?
Direction of transmission of info
And type of AP

A

Transmit info towards neurone in graded fashion

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16
Q

What are the four types of glial cells?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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17
Q

Function of astrocytes?

A

Support
Maintain blood brain barrier
Homeostasis

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18
Q

Function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Produce myelin in CNS (not PNS - this is Schwann cells)

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19
Q

Function of microglia?

A

Immune monitoring and antigen presentation

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20
Q

Function of ependymal cells?

A

Ciliated cuboidal/ columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles

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21
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

Depression/ groove that surrounds a gyrus

22
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

A ridge

23
Q

What is a fissure?

A

A deep sulcus

24
Q

What is a folium?

A

Gyrus in cerebellum (foliage/ leaf-like)

25
Q

What is in the grey matter?

A

Neurones, cell processes, synapses and support cells

26
Q

What is in the white matter?

A

Medullary centre - contains axons

27
Q

Why is the white matter white?

A

Axons are myelinated which is made of phospholipid

28
Q

What position is dorsal?

A

Posterior

29
Q

What position is ventral?

A

Anterior

30
Q

Where are the grey and white matter found in brain?

A

Grey on outside

White on inside

31
Q

Where are the grey and white matter found in spinal cord?

A

Grey on inside
White on outside
i.e. opposite to brain

32
Q

Where is the grey matter found in the spinal cord?

A

In horns

33
Q

Where is the white matter found in spinal cord?

A

In columns

34
Q

What sulcus develops first?

A

Central sulcus

35
Q

What does the central sulcus divide?

A

Motor and sensory areas

36
Q

What is another name for lateral fissure?

A

Sylvian fissure

37
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Band of white matter that transmits info from one hemisphere to another

38
Q

What is the faux cerebri and its function?

A

A fold of dura mater that descends into the longitudinal fissure - stops brain from rotating

39
Q

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

40
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Nerve like bundle of fibres taking info from one specific part of the brain to another

41
Q

What is the insular lobe and where is it found?

A

Ancient lobe of the brain, normally hidden

Pain and olfactory functions

42
Q

What are the 3 meningeal layers?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

43
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

In subarachnoid space between arachnoid and pia mater

44
Q

How many ventricles are there in the brain?

A

4

45
Q

What ventricles represent 1 and 2?

A

Lateral ventricles

46
Q

Where is CSF made?

A

In ventricles 3 and 4

47
Q

What arteries make up the vertebro-basilar system?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Basilar arteries
Vertebral arteries

48
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A

Anastomosis of arteries that supply the brain

49
Q

What arteries make up the circle of Willis?

A

Anterior cerebral artery (right and left)
Anterior communicating artery
Internal carotid artery (right and left)
Posterior cerebral artery (right and left)
Posterior communicating artery (right and left)
Basilar artery

(Middle cerebral arteries not a part of the circle)

50
Q

Where does blood from the brain drain to?

A

System of dural venous sinuses

51
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

52
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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