Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards
What makes up CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What makes up PNS?
12 pairs of cranial nerves + 31 pairs of spinal nerves and their branches
How many primary vesicles are there at 4 weeks?
3 - make up forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain
How many secondary vesicles are there at 8 weeks?
5
What does the telencephalon form in the mature brain?
Cerebral hemispheres
What does the diencephalon form in the mature brain?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What does the mesencephalon form in the mature brain?
Midbrain
What does the metencephalon form in the mature brain?
Pons and cerebellum
What does the myelencephalon form in the mature brain?
Medulla oblongata
What makes up the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
What is the bulge/ bulb in brainstem?
Pons
What grows from the pons?
Cerebellum
What is the function of neurones?
Receive info from synapses, integrate it and transmit electrical impulses to another neurone or effector cell
What is the function of axons?
Direction of transmission of info
And type of AP
Transmit info AWAY from neurone in ALL or nothing AP
What is the function of dendrites?
Direction of transmission of info
And type of AP
Transmit info towards neurone in graded fashion
What are the four types of glial cells?
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Function of astrocytes?
Support
Maintain blood brain barrier
Homeostasis
Function of oligodendrocytes?
Produce myelin in CNS (not PNS - this is Schwann cells)
Function of microglia?
Immune monitoring and antigen presentation
Function of ependymal cells?
Ciliated cuboidal/ columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles
What is a sulcus?
Depression/ groove that surrounds a gyrus
What is a gyrus?
A ridge
What is a fissure?
A deep sulcus
What is a folium?
Gyrus in cerebellum (foliage/ leaf-like)
What is in the grey matter?
Neurones, cell processes, synapses and support cells
What is in the white matter?
Medullary centre - contains axons
Why is the white matter white?
Axons are myelinated which is made of phospholipid
What position is dorsal?
Posterior
What position is ventral?
Anterior
Where are the grey and white matter found in brain?
Grey on outside
White on inside
Where are the grey and white matter found in spinal cord?
Grey on inside
White on outside
i.e. opposite to brain
Where is the grey matter found in the spinal cord?
In horns
Where is the white matter found in spinal cord?
In columns
What sulcus develops first?
Central sulcus
What does the central sulcus divide?
Motor and sensory areas
What is another name for lateral fissure?
Sylvian fissure
What is the corpus callosum?
Band of white matter that transmits info from one hemisphere to another
What is the faux cerebri and its function?
A fold of dura mater that descends into the longitudinal fissure - stops brain from rotating
What makes up the lentiform nucleus?
Putamen and globus pallidus
What is the fornix?
Nerve like bundle of fibres taking info from one specific part of the brain to another
What is the insular lobe and where is it found?
Ancient lobe of the brain, normally hidden
Pain and olfactory functions
What are the 3 meningeal layers?
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Where is CSF found?
In subarachnoid space between arachnoid and pia mater
How many ventricles are there in the brain?
4
What ventricles represent 1 and 2?
Lateral ventricles
Where is CSF made?
In ventricles 3 and 4
What arteries make up the vertebro-basilar system?
Anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Basilar arteries
Vertebral arteries
What is the circle of Willis?
Anastomosis of arteries that supply the brain
What arteries make up the circle of Willis?
Anterior cerebral artery (right and left)
Anterior communicating artery
Internal carotid artery (right and left)
Posterior cerebral artery (right and left)
Posterior communicating artery (right and left)
Basilar artery
(Middle cerebral arteries not a part of the circle)
Where does blood from the brain drain to?
System of dural venous sinuses
Where do the dural venous sinuses drain into?
Internal jugular vein
Where does the internal jugular vein pass through?
Jugular foramen
