Neuroanatomy 1

Question 1

What makes up CNS?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What makes up PNS?

Answer 2

12 pairs of cranial nerves + 31 pairs of spinal nerves and their branches

Question 3

How many primary vesicles are there at 4 weeks?

Answer 3

3 - make up forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

Question 4

How many secondary vesicles are there at 8 weeks?

Answer 4

5

Question 5

What does the telencephalon form in the mature brain?

Answer 5

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 6

What does the diencephalon form in the mature brain?

Answer 6

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 7

What does the mesencephalon form in the mature brain?

Answer 7

Midbrain

Question 8

What does the metencephalon form in the mature brain?

Answer 8

Pons and cerebellum

Question 9

What does the myelencephalon form in the mature brain?

Answer 9

Medulla oblongata

Question 10

What makes up the brainstem?

Answer 10

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 11

What is the bulge/ bulb in brainstem?

Answer 11

Pons

Question 12

What grows from the pons?

Answer 12

Cerebellum

Question 13

What is the function of neurones?

Answer 13

Receive info from synapses, integrate it and transmit electrical impulses to another neurone or effector cell

Question 14

What is the function of axons?
Direction of transmission of info
And type of AP

Answer 14

Transmit info AWAY from neurone in ALL or nothing AP

Question 15

What is the function of dendrites?
Direction of transmission of info
And type of AP

Answer 15

Transmit info towards neurone in graded fashion

Question 16

What are the four types of glial cells?

Answer 16

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 17

Function of astrocytes?

Answer 17

Support
Maintain blood brain barrier
Homeostasis

Question 18

Function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 18

Produce myelin in CNS (not PNS - this is Schwann cells)

Question 19

Function of microglia?

Answer 19

Immune monitoring and antigen presentation

Question 20

Function of ependymal cells?

Answer 20

Ciliated cuboidal/ columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles

Question 21

What is a sulcus?

Answer 21

Depression/ groove that surrounds a gyrus

Question 22

What is a gyrus?

Answer 22

A ridge

Question 23

What is a fissure?

Answer 23

A deep sulcus

Question 24

What is a folium?

Answer 24

Gyrus in cerebellum (foliage/ leaf-like)

Question 25

What is in the grey matter?

Answer 25

Neurones, cell processes, synapses and support cells

Question 26

What is in the white matter?

Answer 26

Medullary centre - contains axons

Question 27

Why is the white matter white?

Answer 27

Axons are myelinated which is made of phospholipid

Question 28

What position is dorsal?

Answer 28

Posterior

Question 29

What position is ventral?

Answer 29

Anterior

Question 30

Where are the grey and white matter found in brain?

Answer 30

Grey on outside | White on inside

Question 31

Where are the grey and white matter found in spinal cord?

Answer 31

Grey on inside White on outside i.e. opposite to brain

Question 32

Where is the grey matter found in the spinal cord?

Answer 32

In horns

Question 33

Where is the white matter found in spinal cord?

Answer 33

In columns

Question 34

What sulcus develops first?

Answer 34

Central sulcus

Question 35

What does the central sulcus divide?

Answer 35

Motor and sensory areas

Question 36

What is another name for lateral fissure?

Answer 36

Sylvian fissure

Question 37

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 37

Band of white matter that transmits info from one hemisphere to another

Question 38

What is the faux cerebri and its function?

Answer 38

A fold of dura mater that descends into the longitudinal fissure - stops brain from rotating

Question 39

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 39

Putamen and globus pallidus

Question 40

What is the fornix?

Answer 40

Nerve like bundle of fibres taking info from one specific part of the brain to another

Question 41

What is the insular lobe and where is it found?

Answer 41

Ancient lobe of the brain, normally hidden | Pain and olfactory functions

Question 42

What are the 3 meningeal layers?

Answer 42

Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

Question 43

Where is CSF found?

Answer 43

In subarachnoid space between arachnoid and pia mater

Question 44

How many ventricles are there in the brain?

Answer 44

4

Question 45

What ventricles represent 1 and 2?

Answer 45

Lateral ventricles

Question 46

Where is CSF made?

Answer 46

In ventricles 3 and 4

Question 47

What arteries make up the vertebro-basilar system?

Answer 47

Anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries Internal carotid arteries Basilar arteries Vertebral arteries

Question 48

What is the circle of Willis?

Answer 48

Anastomosis of arteries that supply the brain

Question 49

What arteries make up the circle of Willis?

Answer 49

Anterior cerebral artery (right and left) Anterior communicating artery Internal carotid artery (right and left) Posterior cerebral artery (right and left) Posterior communicating artery (right and left) Basilar artery (Middle cerebral arteries not a part of the circle)

Question 50

Where does blood from the brain drain to?

Answer 50

System of dural venous sinuses

Question 51

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain into?

Answer 51

Internal jugular vein

Question 52

Where does the internal jugular vein pass through?

Answer 52

Jugular foramen