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Neuroanatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of CNI?

A

Special sensory (smell)

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2
Q

What is the function of CNII?

A

Special sensory (vision)

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3
Q

What is the function of CNIII?

A

Motor (eye movement)

Parasympathetic (pupil constriction)

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4
Q

What is the function of CNIV?

A

Motor (superior oblique)

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5
Q

What is the function of CNV1?

A

Sensory

  • upper eyelid
  • cornea
  • conjunctiva
  • skin of tip of nose
  • bones and soft tissue of orbit
  • upper anterior nasal cavity
  • paranasal sinuses
  • cranial fossa
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6
Q

What is the function of CNV2?

A

Sensory

  • skin of lower eyelid
  • over maxilla
  • skin and mucosa of upper lip
  • lower posterior nasal cavity
  • maxilla and maxillary teeth
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7
Q

What is the function of CNV3?

A

Sensory

  • skin over mandible and TMJ
  • middle cranial fossa
  • mandible
  • anterior 2/3rd of tongue
  • floor of mouth
  • buccal mucosa
  • mandibular teeth

Motor

  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid
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8
Q

What is the function of CNVI?

A

Motor (lateral rectus)

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9
Q

What is the function of CNVII?

A

Special sensory (taste to anterior 2/3rd tongue via chorda tympani)

Motor (stapedius)

Parasympathetic (submandibular and sublingual glands)

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10
Q

What is the function of CNVIII?

A

Special sensory (hearing and balance)

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11
Q

What is the function of CNIX?

A

Special sensory (taste to vallate papillae - posterior 1/3rd of tongue)

Sensory (pharyngeal mucosa, palatine tonsil, Eustachian tube, middle ear cavity)

Motor (stylopharyngeus)

Visceral afferent (carotid sinus baroreceptors and carotid body chemoreceptors)

Parasympathetic (parotid gland)

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12
Q

What is the function of CNX?

A

Sensory
Motor
Visceral Afferent
Parasympathetic

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13
Q

What is the function of CNXI?

A

Motor (SCM and trapezius)

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14
Q

What is the function of CNXII?

A

Motor (muscles of tongue - genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus - except palatoglossus)

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15
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNI

A

Olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity

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16
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNII

A

Retinal neurones travel posteriorly (via optic nerve) through the orbit

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17
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNIII

A

Extraoccular muscles

Parasympathetics synapse in ciliary ganglion

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18
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNIV

A

Superior oblique

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19
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNV1

A

Superficial and deep structures of face towards cranial foramen

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20
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNV2

A

Superficial and deep structures of face towards cranial foramen

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21
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNV3

A

Sensory - from superficial and deep structures of the face towards cranial foramen

Motor - from foramen ovale to skeletal muscle

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22
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNVI

A

Lateral rectus

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23
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNVII

A

Somatic motor axons pass into parotid gland then branch into 5

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24
Q

What are the 5 branches of facial nerve?

A 
Temporal 
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
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25
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNVIII

A

From cochlear and vestibular apparatus

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26
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNIX

A

Descends to pharynx and mouth

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27
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNX

A

Supplies structures between palate and midgut

Runs within carotid sheath

Left recurrent laryngeal - under arch of aorta

Right recurrent laryngeal - under right subclavian artery

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28
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNXI

A

Axons supply SCM on deep surface

Then continue across posterior triangle to supply trapezius

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29
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNXII

A

Descends lateral to carotid sheath

Turns anteriorly at level of hyoid

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30
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNI?

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone in anterior cranial fossa

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31
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNII?

A

Optic canal in middle cranial fossa

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32
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNIII?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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33
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNIV?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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34
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNV1?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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35
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNV2?

A

Foramen rotundum

36
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNV3?

A

Foramen ovale

37
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNVI?

A

Superior orbital fissure

38
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNVII?

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

In via internal acoustic meatus

Out via stylomastoid foramen

39
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNVII?

A

Internal acoustic meatus in posterior cranial fossa

40
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNIX?

A

Jugular foramen

41
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNX?

A

Jugular foramen

42
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNXI?

A

Jugular foramen in posterior cranial fossa

43
Q

What is the cranial foramina of CNXII?

A

Hypoglossal canal in posterior cranial fossa

44
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNI

A

Nerves synapse in olfactory bulb

45
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNII

A

Optic chiasm forms the optic tract

46
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNIII

A

Travels to orbit in lateral wall of cavernous sinus

47
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNIV

A

Travels to orbit in lateral wall of cavernous sinus

48
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNV1

A

Inferior to edge of tentorium cerebelli between posterior and middle cranial fossae

49
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNV2

A

Inferior to edge of tentorium cerebelli between posterior and middle cranial fossae

50
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNV3

A

Inferior to edge of tentorium cerebelli between posterior and middle cranial fossae

51
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNVI

A

Travels to orbit within the cavernous sinus

52
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNVII

A

Directly into internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa

53
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNVIII

A

Travels posteriomedially from internal acoustic meatus to the pontomedullary junction

54
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNIX

A

Directly towards jugular foramen in posterior cranial fossa

55
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNX

A

Directly towards jugular foramen in the posterior cranial fossa

56
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNXI

A

Ascends through foramen magnum then travels towards the jugular foramen

57
Q

Describe the intracranial part of CNXII

A

Anteriorly to hypoglossal canal

58
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNI?

A

Pass through olfactory tract to cortical areas

59
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNII?

A

Diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)

60
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNIII?

A

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

61
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNIV?

A

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

62
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNV1?

A

Pons

63
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNV2?

A

Pons

64
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNV3?

A

Pons

65
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNVI?

A

Pontomedullary junction

66
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNVII?

A

Anterolateral at pontomedullary junction

67
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNVIII?

A

Pontomedullary junction

68
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNIX?

A

Lateral aspect of superior medulla oblongata

69
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNX?

A

Lateral aspect of medulla oblongata (inferior to CNIX)

70
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNXI?

A

Cervical spinal cord

71
Q

What is the CNS connection of CNXII?

A

Via many rootlets lateral to the pyramids of the medulla oblongata

72
Q

How do you test for CNI?

A

Ask patient to smell something

73
Q

How do you test for CNII?

A
  1. Acuity - Snellen
  2. Colour - Ishihara plates
  3. Fields - 4 quadrants
  4. Reflexes - corneal and pupillary light
  5. Fundoscopy
74
Q

How do you test for CNIII?

A

Use light to check for pupillary constriction

75
Q

How do you test for CNIV?

A

H test

76
Q

How do you test for CNV1?

A

Patient closes eyes, gently brush skin of forehead, upper eyelid and tip of nose

77
Q

How do you test for CNV2?

A

Patient closes eyes, gently brush mid-cheek, lower eyelid, upper lip and nostril of nose

78
Q

How do you test for CNV3?

A

Sensory -
Patient closes eyes, gently brush mid-cheek, lower lip and chin
Motor -
palpate strength of contraction of masseter and temporalis by getting patient to clench their teeth. Also ask patient to open their jaw against resistance

79
Q

How do you test for CNVI?

A

H test

80
Q

How do you test for CNVII?

A

Ask patient to:

  1. Raise eyebrows (frontalis)
  2. Close eyes tightly (orbicularis oculi)
  3. Smile (lip elevators)
  4. Puff out cheeks and hold air (orbicularis oris)
81
Q

How do you test for CNVIII?

A

Rinne and Weber tests

82
Q

How do you test for CNIX?

A

Gag reflex

83
Q

How do you test for CNX?

A 
Patient says ah (motor function of uvula)
Patient swallows (pharyngeal muscles)
Listen to speech (laryngeal muscles)
84
Q

How do you test for CNXI?

A

Patient shrugs shoulders then turns head to flex neck (both sides)

85
Q

How do you test for CNXII?

A

Patient sticks out tongue

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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