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Anatomy > Neuro Test 2 > Flashcards

Neuro Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The three main compartments of the neck are the ___, ___ and the ___ compartments

A

Visceral
Vascular
Vertebral

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2
Q

The 6 kinds of fascia are

A 
Investing
Pretracheal
Buccopharyngeal
Alar
Prevertebral
Carotid
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3
Q

The three fascial spaces are

A

Pretracheal space
Retropharyngeal space
Prevertebral space (danger space)

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4
Q

The three things in the carotid sheath are

A

Carotid artery
IJV
Vagus nerve

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5
Q

Infections in the carotid sheath can extend from the ___ to the ___

A

Skull

Middle mediastinum

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6
Q

The pretracheal space extends from ___ to the ___

A

Thyroid cartilage

Anterior mediastinum

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7
Q

The retropharyngeal space goes from the ___ to the ___

A

Skull base

Superior mediastinum

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8
Q

The prevertebral “danger” space extends from the ___ to the ___

A

Skull base

Posterior mediastinum

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9
Q

Things can enter the prevertebral space by

A

Dental drilling

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10
Q

Zone I of the neck goes from ___ to ___
Zone II goes from ___ to ___
Zone III goes from ___ to ___

A

Thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible
Angle of mandible to base of skull

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11
Q

The boundaries of the PCT are

A

SCM
Trapezius
Middle 1/3 of clavicle

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12
Q

The 6 contents of the PCT are

A

Platysma
Cutaneous nn.
Transverse cervical aa.

Motor nn.
EJV
Deep. Muscles
Suprascapular aa

PCT MEDS

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13
Q

Lesser Occipital, great auricular and transverse cervical nerve levels

A

C2-C3

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14
Q

Supraclavicular nn level

A

C3-C4

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15
Q

Lesser occipital nerve supplies what

A

Skin of scalp at apex of triangle

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16
Q

Great auricular nerve supplies what

A

Lobe and skin posterior to auricle

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17
Q

Transverse cervical nerve supplies what

A

Skin of ACT and lateral neck

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18
Q

Supraclavicular nerves supply what

A

Skin of clavicular region

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19
Q

The two motor nerves of the PCT are the

A

Accessory n

Phrenic nerve

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20
Q

Level of phrenic nerve

A

C3-C5

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21
Q

EJV drains into

A

Subclavian v

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22
Q

Transverse cervical a comes from the

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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23
Q

Suprascapular a arises from the

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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24
Q

The transverse cervical nerve runs ___ but the transverse cervical artery runs ___

A

Anteriorly

Posteriorly

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25
Q

The 4 deep muscles of the PCT are the

A

Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Scalene muscles (ant, middle, post)
Omohyoid m. (Inferior belly)

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26
Q

Splenius capitis does what

A

Extends and laterally rotates head and neck

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27
Q

What innervates the levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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28
Q

The scalene muscles do what

A

Tilt neck laterally

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29
Q

The scalene muscles are innervated by

A

Ventral rami of C3-C8

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30
Q

Two things that pass through the interscalene triangle

A

Brachial plexus

Subclavian a.

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31
Q

The boundaries of the interscalene triangle are the

A

Anterior scalene
Middle scalene
1st rib

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32
Q

The anterior cervical triangle is made up of what 4 triangles

A

Submental triangle
Submandibular
Carotid
Muscular

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33
Q

Platysma is innervated by what branch of what nerve

A

Cervical branch of facial n.

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34
Q

4 suprahyoid muscles

A

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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35
Q

Stylohyoid innervation

A

Facial n

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36
Q

Two actions of digastric m

A

Raises hyoid bone

Lowers mandible

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37
Q

Innervation of ant belly and post belly of digastric

A

Ant belly: V3

Post belly: VII

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38
Q

Mylohyoid innervation

A

V3

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39
Q

Geniohyoid m action

A

Elevates and pulls hyoid forward

Pulls mandible downward and inward

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40
Q

Innervation of geniohyoid

A

Branch from anterior ramus of C1

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41
Q

The 4 infrahyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

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42
Q

Innervation of sternohyoid

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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43
Q

Innervation of omohyoid

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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44
Q

Thyrohyoid is innervated by

A

Nerve to thyrohyoid

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45
Q

Sternothyroid is innervated by

A

Ant. Rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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46
Q

Three anterior branches of the external carotid

Three posterior branches of the external carotid

A

Superior thyroid
Lingual
Facial

Ascending pharyngeal
Occipital
Posterior auricular

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47
Q

External carotid terminates as ___ and ___

A

Superficial temporal

Maxillary

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48
Q

The borders of the submental triangle are

A

Hyoid bone

L/R anterior belly of digastric

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49
Q

3 contents of submental triangle

A

Mylohyoid m
Submental lymph nodes
Some small veins

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50
Q

Borders of submandibular triangle

A

Inf. Border of mandible
Ant. Belly of digastric
Post belly of digastric

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51
Q

6 contents of submandibular triangle

A 
Submandibular gland
Lymph nodes
Marginal mandibular branch of VII
Hypoglossal n
Mylohyoid n of V3
Facial a. / v.
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52
Q

Borders of the muscular triangle

A

Hyoid bone
Superior belly of omohyoid/SCM
Midline of neck

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53
Q

Viscera in muscular triangle (6 things, gross structures)

A 
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Trachea
Esophagus
Common carotid
Internal Jugular v.
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54
Q

Borders of the carotid triangle

A

Post. Belly of digastric
Anterior border of SCM
Superior belly of omohyoid

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55
Q

5 nerves in carotid triangle

A 
X
XI
XII
Ansa cervicalis
Laryngeal (off X)
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56
Q

Arteries in carotid triangle

A

Carotid aa. (Common, internal, external)

6 branches of external carotid

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57
Q

The four sections of the thyroid are the:

A

Right lobe, left lobe, isthmus, pyramidal lobe

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58
Q

The three veins of the thyroid gland are the:

A

Superior, middle, inferior

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59
Q

The superior and middle thyroid veins drain into ___ while the inferior thyroid drains into ___

A

Internal jugular

Brachiocephalic

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60
Q

Damage to the external laryngeal nerve (in thyroidectomy) can lead to paralysis of ___ and ___

A

Cricothyroid m

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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61
Q

The three branches of the thyrocervical trunk are

A

Inferior thyroid
Transverse cervical
Suprascapular

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62
Q

Inferior thyroid a also gives off ___

A

Ascending cervical a

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63
Q

The two arteries that “pin down” phrenic nerve and anterior scalene

A

Transverse cervical

Suprascapular

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64
Q

The vertebral v. Travels where

A

Transverse foramen of C1-C6

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65
Q

The ___ nerve travels with vagus but breaks off in the root of the neck

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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66
Q

The 3 sympathetic ganglia found in cervical region are the

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior cervical ganglia

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67
Q

Level of superior cervical ganglion

A

Level of mastoid process

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68
Q

Level of middle cervical ganglion

A

Posterior to thyroid gland

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69
Q

Level of inferior cervical ganglion

A

Just above subclavian a.

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70
Q

The inferior cervical ganglion combines with ____ to make ____

A

First thoracic ganglion

Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion

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71
Q

The thoracic duct drains from where

A

Everywhere except right upper limb and right head/neck/chest

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72
Q

The thoracic duct drains into the ___

A

Left venous angle

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73
Q

Facial structures develop when

A

Second month

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74
Q

Week 4: ___ appear, ___ and ___ form
Weeks 5-6: ___ and ___ form
Week 7: the ___ forms
Week 10: things move and normalize

A

Pharyngeal arches, maxilla and mandible

Nasal pit and nasal cavity

Face

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75
Q

The face forms from what 5 things

A

Frontonasal prominence (1)

Maxillary prominences (2)

Mandibular prominences (2)

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76
Q

Nasal placodes form from ___ and eventually become ___ and ___

A

Nasal placodes

Medial nasal prominences
Lateral nasal prominences

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77
Q

Nasal pits form when

A

Week 5

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78
Q

Oronasal membrane ruptures when

A

Week 6

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79
Q

The space where the oronasal membrane ruptures is called the :

A

Primordial choanae

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80
Q

___ gives rise to olfactory epithelium

A

Neuroectoderm

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81
Q

Mandibular prominences fuse at day _

A

28

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82
Q

How does the nasolacrimal duct form?

A

From the nasolacrimal groove

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83
Q

The intermaxillary segment forms when the ___ fuse and also makes up the ___, ___, and the ___

A

Medial nasal prominences

Philtrum
Premaxillary part of maxilla
Primary palate

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84
Q

How does a cleft palate form

A

If the tongue doesn’t drop

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85
Q

The incisive foramen marks what

A

Where secondary palate fuses with primary palate

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86
Q

The first step in forming the inner ear is:

A

Surface ectoderm at the level of caudal hindbrain forms OTIC PLACODES

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87
Q

Placodes become ___ which become ___

A

Pits

Vesicles

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88
Q

The placode of the inner ear will eventually become the ___

A

Membranous labyrinth

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89
Q

The otic vesicle can be divided into the ___ and the ___ regions

A

Utricular

Saccular

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90
Q

Vacuoles in the cartilaginous otic capsule around the cochlear duct become what two things

A

Scala vestbuli

Scala tympani

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91
Q

The spiral organ forms where

A

Cell walls of coiled duct

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92
Q

The spiral ganglion is formed from what

A

Cell bodies of CN VIII

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93
Q

The auricle forms from what

A

Auricular hillocks

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94
Q

The eye forms mostly in weeks -

A

4-5

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95
Q

Optic vesicles become ___ and ___

A

Optic cups

Optic stalks

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96
Q

The lens is formed from which layer?

A

Surface ectoderm

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97
Q

The two layers of the optic cup become what

A

The retinal pigmented epithelium (outer)

The neural retina (inner)

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98
Q

The space that extends through the vitreous humor is called the

A

Hyaloid canal

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99
Q

How does the lens form? (3 steps)

A

Lens placode -> lens pit -> lens vesicle

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100
Q

Order of retinal layers light hits

A

Nerve fiber layer -> inner nuclear layer -> outer nuclear layer -> rods and cones

(Then impulse travels back other direction)

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101
Q

On a skull, the nose opening is called the _

A

Piriform aperture

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102
Q

The three intersections of the skull bones are the

A

Pterion
Lambda
Bregma

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103
Q

The most superior point on the cranium is the

A

Vertex

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104
Q

The orbit is made up of what 6 bones

A 
Frontal bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla
Lacrimal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoid
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105
Q

Two functions of nasal sinuses

A

Make bones lighter

Add resonance to voice

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106
Q

How many paranasal sinuses are there

A

2 frontal
3-13 ethmoid air cells
2 sphenoid
2 maxillary

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107
Q

What is in the optic canal

A 
Optic Nerve (II)
Ophthalmic a.
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108
Q

What travels in the Superior orbital fissure

A

CN’s III, IV, V1, VI

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109
Q

What travels in foramen rotundum

A

Maxillary (V2)

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110
Q

What foramen does V3 travel in

A

Foramen Ovale

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111
Q

What travels in foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal a.

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112
Q

Where does ICA enter cranial vault

A

Foramen Lacerum

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113
Q

What travels in the jugular foramen

A

IX, X, XI and IJV

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114
Q

What travels in the internal acoustic foramen

A

VII and VIII

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115
Q

What two foramina does VII travel in

A

Internal acoustic foramen

Stylomastoid foramen

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116
Q

Through which foramen does XII travel

A

Hypoglossal canal

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117
Q

What enters foramen magnum

A

Vertebral arteries

Spinal cord

118
Q

Where does ICA enter skull

A

Carotid canal

119
Q

Layers of the scalp

A 
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
120
Q

Which scalp layer has most of vessels and nerves

A

Dense connective tissue

121
Q

Which layer of the scalp can be a potential space for infection

A

Loose connective tiss.

122
Q

What are the muscles of the ear

A

Anterior, superior and posterior auricular

123
Q

The frontalis muscle does what:
The corrugator super cilii does what:
The orbiculares oculi does what:

A

Raises eyebrow
Draws eyebrow in
Closes eye

124
Q

Muscle wrinkles bridge of nose
Muscle compresses and dilates nostril
Dilates nostril

A

Procerus
Nasalis
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

125
Q

Seven superficial muscles of mouth

Three deep muscles of mouth

A 
Orbicularis oris
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus major/minor
Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Risorius
Mentalis

Buccinator
Levator anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris

126
Q

Medial pterygoid action vs lateral

A

Med.: elevates mandible
Protracts mandible
Rotates mandible

Lat.: protrudes mandible
Rotates mandible
Opens mouth

127
Q

Lat. pterygoid has 2 branches

Med. pterygoid has 2 branches

A

Upper/lower head

Superficial/deep head

128
Q

Sensory nerves to the face and scalp come from

A 
CN V
Cervical nerve (C2,3)
129
Q

4 things that can go wrong in/around parotid gland

A

Calculus
Fistulas
Neoplasms
Frey’s syndrome (gustatory sweating)

130
Q

Why is a parotidectomy risky?

A

VII passes through it

131
Q

Branches of the facial nerve

A 
Posterior auricular
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
132
Q

The ___ nerve is the motor innervation of buccinator and the ___ provides sensory to the mucosa and skin around it

A

VII

V3

133
Q

Transverse facial artery and vein is a branch of ___ a/v

A

Superficial temporal

134
Q

The 4 lymphatic nodes around the mandible are the

A

Submental
Submandibular
Parotid
Pre-auricular

135
Q

Disease that causes parotid gland to swell that pushes ear

A

Mumps

136
Q

The retromandibular vein is formed when the _ and _ veins meet

A

Superficial temporal and maxillary

137
Q

Borders of the infratemporal fossa

A

L - Ramus of mandible
M - lateral pterygoid plate
A - maxilla
P - tympanic plate, mastoid, styloid process

138
Q

Muscles in infratemporal fossa

A

Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

139
Q

Main artery and veins in infratemporal fossa

A

Maxillary a

Pterygoid plexus

140
Q

The 4 parasympathetic ganglia in the head are the

A

Ciliary (III)
Pterygopalatine (VII)
Submandibular (VII)
Otic (IX)

141
Q

Postganglionic fibers from the ciliary ganglion innervate the __ muscles

A

Sphincter pupillae

Ciliary muscles

142
Q

What two sets of nerves pass through the ciliary ganglion without synapsing

A

Sympathetic from Int. Car. Plexus

Sensory from nasociliary

143
Q

Target organs from pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Lacrimal gland
Mucous glands of nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
Palate

144
Q

Otic ganglion innervates what organs

A

Parotid gland

145
Q

Chorda tympani:
Branch of _
Supplies _ innervation to _
Carries _ fibers from ant 2/3 of tongue

A

VII
Parasympathetic to subman and sublingual salivary glands

Taste

146
Q

Chorda tympani travels with

A

Lingual n.

147
Q

The _ nerve surrounds the middle meningeal a.

A

Auriculotemporal

148
Q

Central sulcus
Parietooccipital sulcus
Lateral fissure/sulcus
Longitudinal fissure

A

B/t frontal and parietal
B/t parietal and occipital
B/temporal and frontal
B/t cerebral hemispheres

149
Q

What travels in foramen cecum

A

Emissary vein from nasal cavity to SSS

150
Q

What nerves innervate the dura

A

V1 - ant. Meningeal branches of ethmoidal n.

Tentorial nerve (off ophthalmic nerve)

V2 - meningeal branch of maxillary nerve
V3 - meningeal branches of mandibular nerve

151
Q

Diaphragma sellae is found b/t

A

Brain and pituitary

152
Q

Emissary vein vs. diploic vein

A

Emissary crosses bone

Diploic goes from SSS into bone

153
Q

Which nerves are in the wall of the cavernous sinus

A

III, IV, V1, V2

VI is inside it

154
Q

What’s in the subarachnoid space

A

CSF, blood vessels

155
Q

The poofs from the subarachnoid space into the sinuses are called

A

Arachnoid granulation

156
Q

The membrane on the eyelid is the _ and the membrane lining the surface of the eye is the _

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

Bulbar conjunctiva

157
Q

Tarsal glands are ___ ___ glands

A

Modified sebaceous

158
Q

Tarsal glands do what

A

Increase viscosity of tears to decrease rate of evaporation

159
Q

Ciliary glands are _ and _ glands

A

Sebaceous

Sweat

160
Q

Diff b/t superior and inferior tarsus

A

Superior has a muscle tendon attached

161
Q

The ligaments that connects the eye lids medially and laterally

A

Lateral/medial palpebral ligament

162
Q

Bones that form the orbit

A 
Frontal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Palatine
Maxilla
163
Q

The 7 foramina of the orbit and what goes through them

A

Optic canal - II and ophthalmic a.
Sup. Orbital fissure - III, IV, V1, VI, ophthalmic v.
Supraorbital notch/foramen - supraorbital n. /a.
Inf. Orbital fissure. - infraorbital n., zygomatic n./a.
Infraorbital foramen - infraorbital n. /a.
Ant. Eth. Foramen - ant. Ethmoidal n.
Post. Ethmoidal foramen - post. Ethmoidal n./a.

164
Q

Trace a sympathetic impulse from T1 to the lacrimal gland (12 Steps)

A

T1 -> white ramus communicans -> sympathetic chain -> superior cervical ganglion (synapse) -> carotid plexus -> deep petrosal nerve -> Vidian n. -> pterygopalatine ganglion -> communicating branch -> maxillary nerve -> zygomatic nerve -> lacrimal n. -> lacrimal gland

165
Q

Trace parasympathetic going to lacrimal gland

A

Greater petrosal -> Vidian nerve -> pterygopalatine ganglion -> communicating br. -> maxillary -> zygomatic -> lacrimal

166
Q

Until it meets up with the zygomatic n., the lacrimal n. Only carries _ nerves

A

Sensory

167
Q

The vasculature of the eye is located in the _

A

Middle eye

168
Q

The 4 things in the middle eye are the

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris
Pupil

169
Q

The ___ is a sympathetic eye muscle and the fibers run _

The ___ is a parasympathetic eye muscle and the fibers run _

A

Dilator pupillae, in a line

Sphincter pupillae, circular

170
Q

Veins of the eye are called

A

Vorticose veins

171
Q

The 4 things in the inner eye are the

A

Retina
Macula lutea
Fovea centralis
Optic disc

172
Q

T/F the macula is vascularized

A

F

173
Q

T/F the eye is continuous with the dural layers

A

T

174
Q

4 parts of the eye that help focus light

A

Cornea
Lens
Aqueous humor
Vitreous humor

175
Q

Tears go from the lacrimal gland through the __ to the __ through the ___ to the nose

A

Lacrimal canaliculi
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct

176
Q

Actions of superior and inferior oblique

A

Sup: depresses and abducts eye

Inf.: elevates and abducts

177
Q

Both oblique muscles insert on the _ surface of the eye

A

Lateral

178
Q

Ciliary ganglion receives p symp from _

A

CN III

179
Q

Motor nerve innervation of eye

A

LR4/SO4/R3

180
Q

Ciliary ganglion supplies p symp to

A

Ciliary m

Pupillary sphincter m

181
Q

Pupillary dilator muscles receive _ innervation from _

A

Sympathetic

Int. Carotid plexus

182
Q

Which joint lets you nod

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

183
Q

Joint that lets you go no

A

Atlanto-axial joint

184
Q

T/F both the atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial joints have discs

A

FALSE

185
Q

Superficial to the dura mater is the __ which is a superior extension of the __

A

Tectorial membrane

Posterior longitudinal ligament

186
Q

The __ is an extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Anterior Atlanto-occipital membrane

187
Q

The __ connects the posterior vertebral arches

A

Ligamenta flava

188
Q

The 3 (6 since 1 has 3 parts) deep craniovertebral ligaments are the

A 
Cruciate ligament of atlas
       -superior longitudinal band
       -transverse ligament of atlas
       -inferior longitudinal band
Alar (check) ligament
Apical ligament of dens
189
Q

The sympathetic trunk is in the _ space

A

Retropharyngeal

190
Q

IX travels with what

A

Stylopharyngeus m.

191
Q

The vagus n. Gives off what 2 branches at the base of the skull

A

Pharyngeal n.

Superior laryngeal n.

192
Q

The pharyngeal plexus is formed by what two n

A

Pharyngeal brs. Of IX and X

193
Q

Geniohyoid and thyrohyoid receive motor innervation from

A

C1

194
Q

The space above the superior concha is the

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

195
Q

The frontal sinuses drain through the

A

Frontonasal duct

196
Q

Ethmoidal air cell openings
Ant:
Middle
Post:

A

Ant: in semilunar hiatus between nasofrontal duct and maxillary canal

Middle: on ethmoidal bulla

Post: in sup. Nasal meatus

197
Q

Sup. To maxillary sinus ___
Medial to max sinus ___
Lateral to max sinus ___

A

Orbit
Nasal cavity
Infratemporal fossa

198
Q

General sensation of paranasal sinuses: from _

P symp fibers to paranasal sinuses: from _

Symp fibers to paranasal sinuses: from _

A

V2

VII

T1

199
Q

Lateral opening of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Pterygomaxillary fissure

200
Q

Medial opening of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

201
Q

Three posterior openings of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Foramen rotundum
Pterygoid canal
Pharyngeal canal

202
Q

Anteriosuperior opening of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Inferior orbital fissure

203
Q

Inferior opening of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Palatine canal

204
Q

What travels in the pterygomaxillary fissure

A

Maxillary a.

PSA

205
Q

What travels in the sphenopalatine foramen

A

Sphenopalatine a
Nasopalatine n
Post. Sup. Nasal n.

206
Q

What enters the pterygopalatine fossa from foramen rotundum

A

V2

207
Q

What travels in the pterygoid canal

A

N of pterygoid canal

A of pterygoid canal

208
Q

What travels in the pharyngeal canal from the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Pharyngeal a

Pharyngeal n.

209
Q

What travels in the palatine canal

A

Greater palatine n.
Greater palatine a.
Lesser palatine n
Lesser palatine a.

210
Q

What travels in the infraorbital fissure

A

Infraorbital a
Infraorbital n.
Zygomatic n.,

211
Q

Area on nasal septum that is prone to nosebleeds due to many anastomoses

A

Kiesselbach’s area

212
Q

The two branches off the sphenopalatine a. Are the

A

Posterior septal

Posterior lateral nasal

213
Q

The P.S.L. Nasal and P.I.L. Nasal and nasopalatine nerves are branches off _

A

V2

214
Q

The 4 nerves off VII that aren’t in PTZBMC are:

A

N. to post. Belly of digastric
Chorda tympani
Greater petrosal
N. To Stapedius

215
Q

The bony structure that the lesser palatine foramen is in is called the _

A

Pyramidal process

216
Q

The palatovaginal canal is another name for the

A

Pharyngeal canal

217
Q

Nerve of pterygoid canal or vidian nerve is made up of what two parts? (Include where they’re from)

A

Greater petrosal (from VII)

Deep petrosal (from sup. Cervical ganglion then carotid plexus)

218
Q

The posterior boundary of the oral cavity is the _

A

Oropharyngeal isthmus

219
Q

The anterior palatal arch is the _ and the posterior is the _

A

Palatoglossal

Palatopharyngeal

220
Q

You can see the _ at the posterior of the mouth, but can usually only see the _ of the _

A

Levator veli palatini

Aponeurosis
Tensor veli palatini

221
Q

The tendon of tensor veli palatini hooks under the _

A

Pterygoid hamulus

222
Q

Of the two veli palatinis, the _ is more posterior

A

Levator

223
Q

The maxillary artery branches that supply the palate are the __ and ___

The branch of the external carotid that supplies the palate is the _

The branch of the facial artery that supplies the palate is the _

A

Greater and lesser palatine

Palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal

Ascending palatine

224
Q

The palatine arteries anastomose in the _

The palatine nerves anastomose in the _

A

Nasal cavity

Oral cavity

225
Q

All the muscles of the soft palate except _ are innervated by _. _ is innervated by _

A

Tensor veli palatini
X
Tensor veli palatini
V3

226
Q

The 5 arteries that have a tonsillar branch are

A 
Lesser palatine
Ascending palatine
Ascending pharyngeal
Facial
Dorsal lingual
227
Q

What nerve runs near the tonsils

A

IX

228
Q

The duct of the _ and the _ nerve are twisted inferior to the mouth

A

Submandibular gland

Lingual nerve

229
Q

The lingual nerve emerges between the _ and the _

A

Lat and med pterygoid

230
Q

The submandibular ganglion is roughly at the level of _

A

3rd molar

231
Q

The submandibular ganglion gets its parasympathetic fibers from the _ that travels with the lingual nerve

A

Chorda tympani

232
Q

CN IX runs lateral to the _ muscle to enter pharynx

A

Stylopharyngeus

233
Q

The 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue are:

There are also intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

234
Q

All of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by _ except _ which is innervated by _

A

XII
Palatoglossus
X

235
Q

Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue is from _
Taste from posterior 1/3 is from _
Taste from root of tongue and epiglottis is from _

A

Chorda tympani (VII)
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

236
Q

General sensory to ant. 2/3 is from _
General sensory to post 1/3 is from _
General sensory to root of tongue and epiglottis is from _

A

V3
IX
X

237
Q

The three types of epithelial membranes are

A

Cutaneous
Mucous
Serous

238
Q

There is keritinized stratified squamous epithelium in what 3 places:

Why?

A

Hard palate
Gingiva
Dorsal of tongue

Masticatory mucosa

239
Q

The 4 types of papilla on the tongue

A

Foliate
Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate

240
Q

The main type of papilla on the tongue is _

Does it have taste buds

A

Filiform

No

241
Q

The random papilla scattered throughout the tongue are the _

Do they have taste buds?

A

Fungiform

Yes

242
Q

The type of papilla that have a moat around them and are located at the back only are ___

Why do they have a moat

A

Vallate

Venebrer’s gland - liquid holds here so that we can taste better

243
Q

Papilla on the sides with taste buds are _

A

Foliate

244
Q

Dentin is made by

A

Odontoblasts

245
Q

The two major cell types of salivary glands are

A

Serous

Mucous

246
Q

Serous cells secrete _

A

Proteins

247
Q

Mucous cells secrete

A

Hydrophilic glycoprotein mucins

248
Q

Myoepithelial cells do what

A

Speed up secretion

249
Q

How do mucous acini look in traditional fixation methods

A

Have serous demilunes

250
Q

A salivon is made up of what 4 parts

A

Acinus
Intercalated duct
Striated duct
Excretory duct

251
Q

Which duct secretes more mucous than serous

A

Sublingual

252
Q

Intercalated ducts ep cell type

A

Cuboidal

253
Q

Striated duct ep cell types

A

Simple cuboidal to columnar

254
Q

Excretory duct ep cell type

A

Simple or stratified cuboidal to pseudostratified or stratified columnar

255
Q

The parotid gland can be identified histologically because it contains

A

Adipose cells

256
Q

The submandibular gland is mostly made of _ cells

A

Serous

257
Q

Sublingual glands are what type

A

Mixed but mostly mucous

258
Q

Pharynx ends at what level

A

C6

259
Q

5 layers of pharynx

A 
Mucosa
Submucosa
Pharyngobasilar fascia
Muscular layer
Buccopharyngeal fascia
260
Q

The vallecula would eventually spill into the _

A

Piriform fossa

261
Q

The laryngeal nerves are branches off _

A

Vagus

262
Q

The internal laryngeal nerve does what

A

Sensory superior to ventricle

263
Q

The external laryngeal nerve does what

A

Motor to cricothyroid

264
Q

The inferior laryngeal nerve does what

A

Sensory inferior to the ventricle

Motor to inferior muscles except cricothyroid

265
Q

Other than the superior, middle and inferior constrictors, the other muscles of the pharynx are:

A

Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

266
Q

IX travels with _ muscle

A

Stylopharyngeus

267
Q

What structure is associated with the middle constrictor?

A

Stylohyoid ligament

268
Q

The three gaps in the pharyngeal wall are the _+

A

Oropharyngeal triangle
Hole in thyrohyoid membrane
Space under inferior constrictor

269
Q

The pharynx gets symp. Innervation from _

Motor from _

Sensory and motor to stylopharyngeus from _

A

Superior cervical ganglion

CN X

CN IX

270
Q

The three regions of the larynx are the

A

Vestibule
Ventricle
Infraglottic

271
Q

The epiglottis is held in place by what two ligaments

A

Thyro-epiglottic ligament

Hyo-epiglottic ligament

272
Q

The sup. Thyroid tubercle, oblique line, and inf. Thyroid tubercle attach to what

A

Inferior constrictor

273
Q

The lateral thyroid ligaments connect what

A

Superior horn of thyroid to

Greater horn of hyoid

274
Q

Thyroid cartilage is made of what cartilage

A

Hyaline

275
Q

The inferior thyroid ligament articulates with _

A

Cricoid cartilage

276
Q

_ cartilage sits on cricoid cartilage

A

Arytenoid

277
Q

Arytenoid cartilage is _ cartilage

A

Hyaline

278
Q

_ cartilage sits on arytenoid cartilage

A

Corniculate

279
Q

Corniculate cartilage is _ cartilage

A

Elastic

280
Q

Vestibular ligament is what

A

Inferior border of quadrangular membrane

False vocal cord

281
Q

Triciceal cartilage is located in

A

Lateral thyrohyoid ligament

282
Q

Thyroid cartilage moves forward at what joint

A

Cricothyroid joint

283
Q

Moving at the cricothyroid joint does what

A

Changes pitch, intonation by increasing tension on vocal ligament

284
Q

What runs just posterior to cricothyroid joint

A

Recurrent laryngeal -> inferior laryngeal

285
Q

Aditus is another name for the _

A

Superior opening of larynx

286
Q

The space between the vestibular folds

A

Rima vestibuli

287
Q

The space between vocal folds

A

Rima glottidis

288
Q

It takes how long to die if larynx isn’t opened

A

~5

289
Q

The 6 muscles of the larynx are:

A 
Cricothyroid (straight and oblique)
Transverse arytenoid
Oblique arytenoid
Posterior crico-arytenoid
Vocalis
Lateral crico-arytenoid
290
Q

The only muscle to open the airway is the _

A

Posterior crico-arytenoid

Anatomy (5 decks)

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