Test 3 Flashcards
Reticular layer is made of ___ ___ tissue
Dense irregular
Innermost layer of pacinian corpuscle is ___ cells
Schwann
Hair follicles are in ___ skin only
Thin
Eccrine sweat glands are involved in ___
Thermoregulation
Eccrine sweat glands are ___ ___ ___ glands
Simple coiled tubule
Apocrine sweat glands are associated with ___ ___ and become functional at ___. They are located in ___ and ___ regions
Hair follicles
Puberty
Axillary, pubic
Thick skin is located on the ___ of the ___ and the ___ of the ___
Palms of the hands
Soles of the feet
Keratinocytes make up ___% of cells in epidermis
85
Stratum basale is made of ___ ___ epithelium
Simple cuboidal
Stratum basale are dark colored because they are filled with ___ that make ___
Ribosomes
Keratin
Stratum granulosum has ___ granules
Keratohyalin
5 layers of epithelium
B S G L C
___ cells have endocrine functions in epithelium
Langerhans
Langerhans cells are located in the ___ ___
Stratum spinosum
Merkel’s cells are associated with ___ neurons
Sensory
The two layers of the dermis are the ___ and the ___ layer of dermis
Papillary and the reticular
Papillary layer of the dermis is made of ___ ___ tissue and the reticular layer of the dermis is made of ___ ___ tissue
Loose connective
Dense connective
The ___ ___ looks like a red onion
Pacinian corpuscle
The 4 epidermal derivatives are:
Hair follicles/ hair
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Nails
The 6 functions of the integumentary system are:
Exocrine Protective Immunologic Sensory Homeostasis Endocrine
Epidermis is derived from ___
Ectoderm
Dermis is derived from ___
Mesoderm
The ___ layer of epidermis is not present in thin skin
Stratum lucidum
Melanocytes are ___ % of epidermal cells
5%
Langerhans’ cells are ___% of epidermis
4
Merkel’s cells are ___% of epidermis
6
Keratin filaments are classified as ___ ___ or ___
Intermediate filaments
Tonofilaments
Keratinocytes participate in formation of the water barrier via production of ___ ___
Lamellar bodies
Production of intermediate (keratin) filaments begins in the ___ ___
Stratum basale
Cells in stratum spinosum are attached to other cells via ___
Desmosomes
Bundles of intermediate filaments are called ___
Tonofibrils
Production of ___ ___ and ___ ___ begins in stratum spinosum
Keratohyalin granules
Lamellar bodies
Conversion of granular cells to cornified cells is called ___
Keratinization
Lamellar bodies are released within the ___ ___
Stratum granulosum
Cells in stratum corneum are filled 85% filled with ___
Keratin
Melanin is synthesized and stored in ___ of the melanocytes
Melanosomes
Melanocyte cell bodies are located in the ___ ___ and the processes extend into the ___ ___
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Antigen presenting cells (langerhan’s cells) are found in the ___ ___
Stratum spinosum
Langerhan’s cells are derived from ___ ___
Bone marrow
Antigen from langerhan’s cells go to ___ ___
T lymphocytes
Merkel’s cells are located in the ___ ___
Stratum basale
The three major types of skin cancer are ___ ___ ___, ___ ___ ___ and ___ ___
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cells carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
___ ___ ___ is the most common type of skin cancer and resembles cells of stratum basale
Basal cell carcinoma
___ ___ is the most serious form of skin cancer
Malignant melanoma
Reticular layer of the dermis is made of ___ ___ ___ tissue
Dense irregular connective
There are fewer cells in the ___ ___ of the dermis
Reticular layer
Pacinian corpuscles are found in the ___ and the ___
Dermis and the hypodermis
Pacinian corpuscles are ___ ___ ___ surrounded by a capsule of ___ ___
Myelinated nerve endings
Concentric lamellar
Pacinian corpuscles detect ___ and ___
Pressure and vibration
___ ___ are located within dermal papillae of hairless cells
Meissner’s corpuscles
Flattened ___ ___ form lamellae of meissner’s corpuscles
Schwann cells
Meissner’s corpuscles detect ___ ___
Light touch
Eccrine sweat glands are ___ ___ ___ glands
Simple coiled tubular
*
So
Chrondroblasts are derived from ___
Mesenchyme
Chondroblasts ___ the extracellular matrix
Secrete
Chondrocytes ___ the extra cellular matrix
Maintain
Eccrine glands secrete by ___ secretion
Merocrine
The ___ portion of eccrine glands stain darker
Duct
Apocrine glands are ___ ___ glands
Coiled tubular
___ sweat glands are wider
Apocrine
The secretory portion of apocrine ducts are made of ___ ___ epithelium and the duct portion of apocrine glands are made of ___ ___ epithelium
Simple cuboidal
Stratified cuboidal
Sebaceous glands are found everywhere but ___ skin
Thick
Sebaceous glands secrete by ___ secretion
Holocrine
The two types of ossification are ___ and ___ ossification
Intramembranous and endochondral
Chondroblasts come from ___ ___ cells
Mesenchymal stem
The two mechanisms of cartilage growth are ___ and ___ growth
Appositional and interstitial
The three types of cartilage are ___, ___ and ___ cartilage
Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage
___ cartilage is the most common in the body
Hyaline
Type ___ collagen fibers are unable to been seen in hist. Sections
II
6 locations of hyaline cartilage
Articular surfaces Nose Larynx Tracheal rings Epiphyseal plates Fetal bone models
T/F perichondrium is present in hyaline cartilage
T, not around articular cartilage (would be easily damaged)
High concentration of ___ ___s make hyaline cartilage basophilic
Sulfated GAGs
How to tell chondrocytes from chondroblasts
Chondroblasts are towards the periphery and chondrocytes are isolated in matrix
Elastic cartilage has a ECM made of type ___ collagen
II
4 places elastic cartilage is found
Auricle
Auditory canal
Auditory tube
Epiglottis
T/F: perichondrium is present in elastic cartilage
T
Fibrocartilage has type ___ collagen
I
3 general places for fibrocartilage
Intervertebral discs
Pubis symphysis
Major tendon-bone anchorages
T/F perichondrium is present in fibrocartilage
F
Osteoblasts come from ___ ___ cells but osteoclasts come from ___
Mesenchymal stem cells
Monocytes
The 5 types of bone based on shape are:
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid
The 3 different parts of a long bone are:
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
___ fibers connect the periosteum to the bone
Sharpey’s
4 cell types in bone
Osetogenic cell
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
GAGs are a type of _ _ _
BMP
Osteocalsin is a ___ _ dependent protein that signals for ___ of osteoid and for inorganic to be laid on organic portion
Vitamin K
Calcification
The inorganic part of bone ECM is made of ___ ___
Hydroxyapatite crystals
___ ___ become ___ which become osteocytes
Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
___ have a ruffled border
Osteoclasts
___ or ___ bone has lamellae
Lamellar or mature bone
The ___ line is the outer boundary of each osteon
Cement
What are the 5 zones at the epiphyseal plate?
Rest zone Zone of proliferating cartilage Zone of hypertrophy Zone of calcified cartilage Zone of ossification
Real Pubs Have Coke Only
The ___ of ___ ___ stains most basophilic
Zone of proliferating cartilage
In muscle, cytoplasm is called ___
Sarcoplasm
___ muscle is strong, quick and discontinuous
Skeletal
___ muscle is strong, quick and continuous
Cardiac
___ muscle is weak, slow and involuntary
Smooth
The 4 special characteristics of muscle tissue are
Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
Skeletal muscle has ___, ___ nuclei
Peripheral, oval nuclei
Skeletal muscle cells have ___ nuclei
Multiple
In a cross section of skeletal muscle, the nuclei are at the ___
Periphery
In cardiac muscle, the nuclei are located in the ___
Center
Cardiac cells have ___ nuclei
1
Smooth muscle is different than the others because it is ___
Nonstriated
Smooth muscle have ___ nucle* per cell
One
Smooth muscle can sometimes have a ___ nucleus
Corkscrew
The three types of skeletal muscle are:
Type I
Type IIa
Type IIb
Type I fibers are ___, ___ oxidative fibers
Slow, red oxidative
Type IIa fibers are ___, ___ ___ glycolytic fibers
Fast, intermediate oxidative
Type IIb fibers are ___, ___ ___ fibers
Fast, white glycolytic
Type I fibers have many ___ and lots of ___
Mitochondria and lots of myoglobin
Type 1 skeletal muscle fibers derive energy from ___ ___ ___ of fatty acids
Aerobic oxidative phosphorylation
An example of type I fibers are ___ muscles because they are have slow, continuous contractions over long periods of time
Posture
In muscle fibers, ___ gives the fibers a pale or white appearance
Glycogen
Type IIa fibers have many ___ and lots of ___ AND ___
Mitochondria and lots of myoglobin AND glycogen
Type IIb fibers have fewer ___ and ___ but lots of ___
Mitochondria and myoglobin
Glycogen
Type IIb fibers produce energy from both ___ ___ and ___ ___
Oxidative metabolism and
Anaerobic glycolysis
Type IIb fibers derive energy primarily from ___ ___
Anaerobic glycolysis
A bands are the portion of the sarcomere where ___ is located
Myosin
Triads are made of 2 ___ of ___ ___ and one _ ___
Tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum
T tubule
