Neuro-terminology Flashcards
Diencephalon
Thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus
Prosencephalon
Forebrain - consists of telenchephalon and diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Midbrain - tectum and tegmentum
Rhombencephalon
Hindbrain - consists of the metenecephalon (cerebellum and pons) and the myencephalon (medulla)
Telencephalon
Cerebrum, hippocampus, basal ganglia amygdala
Metencephalon
Cerebellum and pons
Akinesia
The inability to initiate movement (Parkinsons)
Asthenia
Generalized weakness (cerebellar pathology)
Ataxia
The inability to perform coordinated movements
Athetosis
A condition that presents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture. Peripheral movements occur without central stability
Bradykinesia
Slow movements
Chorea
Movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary
Clasp-knife response
A form of resistance see during ROM with a hypertonic joint where there is greatest resistance at the initiation of range that lessons with movement through the ROM
Cogwheel rigidity
A form of rigidity where resistance to movement has a phasic quality to it (Parkinsons)
Dysdiadochokinesia
The inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
Dysmetria
The inability to control the range of movement and the force of muscular activity
Dysona
A condition of involuntary movement with larger axial muscle involvement (similar to athetosis)
Hemibalism
An involuntary and violent movement of a large body part
Kinesthesa
The ability to perceive the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part
Lead pipe rigidity
A form of rigidity where there is uniform and constant resistance to ROM (basal ganglia)
Rigidity
A state of severe hypertonicity where a sustained mm contraction does not allow for any movement at a specific joint
Agnosia
The inability to interpret infomation
Agraphesthesia
The inability to recognize symbols, letters, or numbers traced on the skin
Aphasia
The inability to communicate or comprehend due o damage to the brain
Apraxia
The inability to perform purposeful learned movements, although there is no sensory or motor impairments
Astereognosis
The inability to recognize objects by he sense of touch
Constructional apraxia
The inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs. This person is visually unable to analyze how to perform a task.
Decerebrate rigidity
A characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results in extension of the trunk and all extremities
Decorticate rigidity
A characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level at the of the diencephalon where the trunk and lower extremities a positioned in extension and the upper extremities are in flexion
Dysarthria
Slurred and impaired speech due to a moo deficit of the tongue or other muscles
Dysphagia
The inability to properly swallow
Homonymous hemianopsia
The loss of the right or let half of the field of vision in both eyes
Ideational apraxia
The inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks where the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired
Ideomotor apraxia
A condition where a person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it. Automatic movement may occur, however a person cannot impose additional movement on command
