Neuro pt 4 Flashcards
What are the 3 levels of processing sensory information
Receptor,circuit and perceptual
How do you generate a signal at the receptor level
A stimulus matches the receptor within the receptive field.
A transduction transforms into a graded potential,
The graded potential needs reach threshold
What does graded potential mean
free dendrites or encapsulated receptors
what are receptor potential
they are used for special senses
What is adaptation
reduction of sensitivity when presented with a constant stimulant ( NOT PAINFUL)
Where is peripheral adaptation found
it is found at the receptor level and REDUCES info to the CNS
What are phasic receptors
They are fast adapting receptors for special senses
What are tonic receptors?
They are sustained and have no adaptation
What will order one neuron bring
Information to CNS that will synapse with 2nd order.
What will the 2nd order neurons do
they ascend towards the brain
what will 3rd neurons do
Their cell bodies will take the info to the right sensory area.
Name the 3 main pathways for somatosensory info
Dorsal column-medial lemniscal,spinothalamic,spinocerebellar
what do Dorsal pathways do
their target is the thalamus with a single type of receptors, which can be localized on the body’s surface
What do spinothalamic pathways do
They target the thalamus with several types of receptors and are not localized by a source easily.
What do spinocerebellar pathways do
They target the cerebellum and they send info to the muscle or tendon to COORDINATE ( not consciously aware)
What is the difference between sensation and perception
the sensation is when you’re aware of changes internal of external
Preception is when you are conscious
What is perceptual detection
When someone is aware
what is magnitude estimation
determines how intense is the stimulus
What is spatial discrimination
a way to localize the stimulus.
What is feature abstraction
When each neuron tuned to one feature of a stimulus.( SENSORY EXPERIENCE)
What is quality discrimination
Distinguish submodalities of a particular sensation
What is pattern recognition
recognition of familiar stuff
What are pain chemicals
Histamine,K+,ATP,acids and bradykinin
What carries when you feel a sharp pain
The smallest myelinated sensory fibres ( A DELTA FIBERS)
What carries when you feel burning pain
Slowly by nonmyelinated C fibres
What happens with neurotransmitters and pain
Glutamate and Substance P go to 2nd order and ascend via spinothalamic
What happens with pain suppression
Endorphins and enkephalins are released and trigger SNS. The pathway relay on cortical and hypothalamic pain signals, when enkephalins block pain signals generated by nociceptors.
What is the difference between pain tolerance and pain threshold
Pain threshold is the amount of stimulus. Pain tolerance is different from everyone it varies by mental state or genetics.
What is somatic pain
It is musculoskeletal pain by aching.throbbing or cramping.
What is visceral pain
Pain associated with organs of thorax or abdominal.
What is referred pain
Pain that appears from one part of the body but comes from somewhere else
What is phantom pain
It is a type of hyperalgesia where NMDA receptors are making learned pain.
What are the three types of papillae
Fungiform, vallate and foliate
What are the characteristic of fungiform
They are mushroomshaped and have 1-5 taste buds
What are the characteristics of vallate
Largest taste buds up to 8-12 that makes a V shape
What are the characteristics of Foliate
Taste bud from childhood but they decrease with age
What are the 5 basic taste modalities
sweet,sour,salty,bitter and umami
Why are taste receptors more sensitive to bitter
Since its to detect toxic substances
Do taste adapter adapt rapidly or slowly
rapidly
What happens when you are tasting something salty
The influx of Na chanels depolarizes gustatory epithelial cells
