Neuro Practical 1 (211)

Question 1

What passes through the foramen magnum?

Answer 1

Spinal cord and vertebral arteries

Question 2

What passes through the carotid canal?

Answer 2

internal carotid artery

Question 3

What passes through the optic canal?

Answer 3

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Question 4

what are the 3 layers of meninges from internal to external?

Answer 4

pia, arachnoid, dura

Question 5

where is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 5

arachnoid and pia

Question 6

What is the name for the vertical piece of dura matter in the skull?

Answer 6

Falx cerebri

Question 7

what is the name for the horizontal piece of dura matter in the skull?

Answer 7

tentorium cerebelli

Question 8

which parts of the brain does the falx cerebri separate?

Answer 8

left and right hemispheres

Question 9

what parts of the brain does the tentorium cerebelli separate?

Answer 9

occipital lobe and cerebellum

Question 10

how many sheets of connective tissue forms the dura matter?

Answer 10

two

Question 11

what is the name for the channels located between these two sheets?

Answer 11

dural venous sinuses - responsible for venous drainage of the brain

Question 12

what sinus runs along the top of the falx cerebri?

Answer 12

superior sagittal sinus

Question 13

where is CSF contained?

Answer 13

subarachnoid space

Question 14

what is the large vein anastomoses on the occipital lobe just superior to the cerebellum called?

Answer 14

confluence of the sinuses

Question 15

what is the lateral anterior most vein that comes of the superior sagittal sinus called?

Answer 15

superior anastomotic vein

Question 16

what vein does the superior anastomotic vein of the brain join to inferiorly?

Answer 16

superficial middle cerebral vein

Question 17

what vein joins the superficial middle cerebral vein to the confluence of the sinuses?

Answer 17

inferior anastomotic vein

Question 18

what vein joins the jugular vein to the confluence of the sinuses

Answer 18

the transverse sinus

Question 19

what nerve fibres are most likely to be carried in the corpus callosum?

Answer 19

commissural

Question 20

what are the three types of nerve fibres and their properties?

Answer 20

association - same hemisphere
projecting - hemisphere to cortex
commissural - different hemispheres

Question 21

What are the 3 named parts of the brain that make up the brainstem?

Answer 21

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 22

the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland (epithalamus) are part of which larger brain structure?

Answer 22

the diencephalon

Question 23

what is the main role of the thalamus?

Answer 23

sorting centre for sensory and motor information - relay centre

Question 24

what is the cellular basis for the colour difference between grey and white matter?

Answer 24

grey matter contains cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses, where as white matter contains myelinated cell axons

Question 25

what name is collectively given to the 12 pairs of nerves that arise mainly from the brainstem?

Answer 25

cranial nerves

Question 26

what is the name for the large cleft separating the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 26

great longitudinal fissure

Question 27

which lobe contains the primary motor cortex

Answer 27

frontal

Question 28

which lobe contains the primary sensory cortex

Answer 28

parietal

Question 29

which lobe contains the primary visual cortex

Answer 29

occipital

Question 30

which lobe contains the primary auditory cortex

Answer 30

temporal

Question 31

what is the name of the fissure by the temporal pole?

Answer 31

lateral aka slyvian fissure

Question 32

where is the calcarine sulcus

Answer 32

between the occipital and cerebellum

Question 33

difference between CT and brain MRI

Answer 33

ct brain - skull = whtie MRI brain - scalp = white but skull = black

Question 34

Different brain MRI weights

Answer 34

T1 = ventricles black T2 = ventricles white FLAIR = ventricles and skull black

Question 35

what connect the lateral ventricle to the third?

Answer 35

foramen of munro / interventricular foramen

Question 36

what connnects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th

Answer 36

cerebral aqueduct

Question 37

what leaves the 4th ventricle

Answer 37

central canal

Question 38

What is the name given to the specialised structures lining the ventricles that generate CSF?

Answer 38

choroid plexus (specialised areas of ependymal cells)

Question 39

How does CSF get into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle?

Answer 39

2 x lateral foramen - Luschka 1x medial foramen - magendie

Question 40

Where is CSF resorbed back into the general circulation?

Answer 40

arachnoid granulations located around the superior sagittal sinus

Question 41

Why does the size of the ventral grey horn vary along the spinal cord (most notably in the lower cervical and lumbosacral regions of the cord)?

Answer 41

Due to varying numbers of cell bodies - upper and lower limb

Question 42

what is the conus medullaris

Answer 42

Terminal end of the spinal cord at L1/L2

Question 43

Where does the dura and arachnoid matter extend to?

Answer 43

The spinal cord ends at L1/L2 but the dura and arachnoid matter continue down to S2

Question 44

What is the lumbar cistern?

Answer 44

A continuation of subarachnoid space past the termination of the spinal cord (L1/L2) and is used for lumbar punctures

Question 45

Remind yourself of the number of pairs of, and the respective naming of, the spinal nerves emerging from the spinal cord.

Answer 45

8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal =31