Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy for Exam '23 > Gastro Practical 2.2.5 > Flashcards

Gastro Practical 2.2.5 Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles form the rectus sheath?

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the direction of the muscles fibres of the external oblique?

A

downward and forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the direction of the muscles fibres of the internal oblique

A

upward and forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the direction of the muscles fibres of the transversus abdominis

A

transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the direction of the muscles fibres of the rectus abdominis

A

vertical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the origins and insertions of the external oblique?

A

o = lower 8 ribs
i = linea alba via rectus sheath, iliac crest, lower border forms inguinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the muscles fibres of the internal oblique

A

o = thoracocolumbar fascia iliac crest lateral two thirds of inguinal ligament
i = costal margin, linea alba (via rectus sheath), pubic crest and pectineal line (via conjoint tendon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the muscles fibres of the transversus abdominus

A

o= costal mergin, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral one third of inguinal ligament
i= linea alba via rectus sheath pubic crest and pectineal line via conjoint tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the muscles fibres of the rectus abdominus

A

o= pubic crest
i= costal cartilages 5,6,7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The neurovascular plane lies between which two muscle layers?

A

The neurovascular bundle lies between the middle and inner layers of the body wall (internal
oblique and transversus abdominis in abdomen; internal and innermost intercostal in thorax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the nerve supplies and actions of the abdominal muscles?

A

Nerve supply – lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T7-T12) + iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal (L1) for
the fibres of the conjoint tendon (‘inguinal shutter mechanism’)
Actions – move trunk (flexion, lateral rotation), compress abdomen (expiration, evacuation),
support of viscera, control of inguinal shutter mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the arrangement of the aponeuroses of the anterolateral abdominal wall
muscle at the following levels?
a) above the costal margin
b) between the costal margin and the arcuate line
c) below the arcuate line

A

a) Anterior sheath only (from EO aponeurosis)
b) Anterior and posterior sheath (note the splitting of the IO aponeurosis)
c) Anterior sheath only (from all 3 aponeuroses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the rectus sheath contain?

A

Rectus abdominis (+/- pyramidalis)
Superior and inferior epigastric vessels
Lower 6 intercostal nerves (T7-T12) and accompanying vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In a midline incision (e.g. laparotomy) what layers would be traversed before entering
the abdominal cavity?

A

Skin
Superficial fascia (fatty layer of Camper; membranous layer of Scarpa)
Linea alba
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the inguinal canal contain?

A

in females it contains the round ligament of the uterus, the ilioinguinal nerve, and the obliterated remains of the processus vaginalis which forms the sac of an indirect inguinal hernia

in males it contains the spermatic cord the ilioinguinal nerve and the obliterated remains of the processus vaginalis which forms the sac of an indirect inguinal hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • What structures form the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
A

Anterior wall
Superficial ring (medially; weak), EO aponeurosis and IO muscle (laterally; strong)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • What structures form the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
A

Posterior wall
Conjoint tendon (medially, strong); transversalis fascia and deep ring (laterally; weak)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What structures form the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

Roof
Lowermost fibres of IO and TA muscles (insert via conjoint tendon; form ‘inguinal shutter’)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What structures form the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Floor
Inguinal and lacunar ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

From where are the coverings of the spermatic cord derived?

A

External spermatic fascia – from EO aponeurosis
Cremasteric fascia – from IO and TA muscles
Internal spermatic fascia – from transversalis fascia

21
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A

10 structures in total:
3 arteries: testicular, cremasteric, artery of vas
3 nerves: ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral, sympathetic fibres
3 others: corresponding veins (incl. pampiniform plexus), lymphatics, vas deferens
…and the most easily forgotten:
Obliterated remains of processus vaginalis (this forms the sac of an indirect inguinal hernia)

22
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A

10 structures in total:
3 arteries: testicular, cremasteric, artery of vas
3 nerves: ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral, sympathetic fibres
3 others: corresponding veins (incl. pampiniform plexus), lymphatics, vas deferens
…and the most easily forgotten:
Obliterated remains of processus vaginalis (this forms the sac of an indirect inguinal hernia)

23
Q

where are the attachment points of the inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

24
Q

What structures are located at the mid-point of inguinal ligament?

A

deep ring

25
Q

What structures are located at the mid-inguinal point?

A

femoral artery

26
Q

what is the mid-point of the inguinal ligament?

A
  • midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle
  • indicates position of deep ring
27
Q

what is the mid-inguinal point?

A

midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis
- indicates position of femoral artery

28
Q

Indirect inguinal vs direct inguinal

A
  • distinguished based on relationship to inferior epigastric vessels
  • indirect passes lateral to vessels
  • direct passes medial to vessels
29
Q

Indirect inguinal vs femoral

A
  • distinguished based on relationship to pubic tubercle
  • inguinal emerges above and medial to tubercle
  • femoral emerges below and lateral to tubercle
30
Q

What are the boundaries of the inguinal triangle of Hesselbach and why is it useful to
define?

A

Boundaries: inguinal ligament, inf. epigastric vessels, edge of rectus sheath (linea semilunaris)
Significance: a direct inguinal hernia pushes forward through the triangle (medial to the IEA)

31
Q

What are the boundaries of the inguinal triangle of Hesselbach and why is it useful to
define?

A

Boundaries: inguinal ligament, inf. epigastric vessels, edge of rectus sheath (linea semilunaris)
Significance: a direct inguinal hernia pushes forward through the triangle (medial to the IEA

32
Q

What are the boundaries of the inguinal triangle of Hesselbach and why is it useful to
define?

A

Boundaries: inguinal ligament, inf. epigastric vessels, edge of rectus sheath (linea semilunaris)
Significance: a direct inguinal hernia pushes forward through the triangle (medial to the IEA)wha

33
Q

what are the retroperitoneal organs ?

A

SAD PUCKER
suprarenal aorta + ivc duodenum 2-4 pancreas (not tail) ureters colon (ascending and descending) kidneys esophagus rectum

34
Q

what organs lie intraperitoneally?

A

SALTD SPRSS
S: stomach
A: appendix
L: liver
T: transverse colon
D: duodenum (first part)
S: small intestines (jejunum and ileum)
P: pancreas (only tail)
R: rectum (upper third)
S: spleen
S: sigmoid colon

35
Q

describe the course of the peritoneum

A
  1. The greater sac covers:
    * The back of the anterior abdominal wall, and passes superior to cover the inferior surface of diaphragm.
    * Then it reflects on the superior, anterior and inferior surfaces of liver
  2. A peritoneal fold reflects from liver to stomach known as lesser omentum, which encloses stomach & then comes together to form greater omentum.
  3. Greater omentum:
    Reflects back to enclose transverse colon & becomes transverse mesocolon.
  4. Transverse mesocolon: ascends reaching pancreas & then divides into:
    Upper layer: continues on posterior abdominal wall.
    Lower layer: descends to cover posterior abdominal wall.
  5. A reflection of peritoneum from the posterior abdominal wall reflects to cover jejunum and ileum known as mesentery of small intestine.
  6. The peritoneum covers the posterior abdominal wall, then followed downward & continues to pelvis to form pelvic peritoneum.
36
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the lesser sac?

A

liver (caudate lobe)
lesser omentum
stomach
greater omentum (anterior 2 layers)

37
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the lesser sac?

A

peritoneal covers structures that form the stomach bed
transverse mesocolon
transverse colon
greater omentum

38
Q

what are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen?

A

superiorly: liver cuadate lobe
inferiorly : duodenum 1st part
posteriorly : ivc
anteriorly : structures which are in the free margin of the lesser omentum (portal triad - hepatic artery, portal vein, and common bile duct)

39
Q

what is the lesser omentum?

A

fold of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and 1st inch of duodenum

40
Q

what is the greater omentum?

A

peritoneal fold that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon folded up on itself

41
Q

what is the falciform ligament?

A

fold of peritoneum connecting the anterior abdominal wall to the liver

42
Q

what is the splenorenal ligament?

A

peritoneal fold connectinf the left side of kidney to the spleen

43
Q

what is the mesentery

A

fan shaped peritoneal fold of two layers enclosing the free part of the small intestine

44
Q

what is the sigmoid mesocolon

A

peritoneal fold enclosing the sigmoid colon

45
Q

what is the gastrosplenic ligament

A

peritoneal fold connevring spleen to stomach

46
Q

what is the transverse mesocolon

A

peritoneal fold enclosing transverse colon

47
Q

what is the mesoappendix

A

triangular peritoneal fold enclosing the vermiform appendix

48
Q

what are the names of the recesses around the liver?

A

hepatorenal recess and subphrenic recess

Anatomy for Exam '23 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions