Neuro/MSK Flashcards
What is the MST for cats with intracranial empyema or abscesssation that had surgical or medical management?
Surgical 730
Medical 183
Martin JFMS 2019
For cats with intracranial absessation or empyema, what were the most common:
- region affected?
- extra vs intra-axial
- T1W
- T2W
- FLAIR
- Enhancement on MRI
- CT pre and post contrast
- region affected? Forebrain, esp temporal and frontal
- extra vs intra-axial - predom extra axial
- T1W - homogenous or heterogenous
- T2W - hyperintense to normal grey matter + homogenous or heterogenous
- FLAIR - partially suppressed
- Enhancement on MRI - present, generally heterogenous + approx 1/3rd with rim enhancement
- CT pre and post contrast: hypoattenuating precontrast, and heterogensou rim enhancement post contrast
Martin JFMS 2019
For cats with itnracranial tumours treated with radiation:
- what percentage had improvement in neurological signs after radiation
- what was the median progression-free survival?
- percentage that were free of progression at 1 year?
- median overall survival?
95% had neuro signs improvement
510 days median progression-free survival
55% free of progression at 1 year
515 days median overall survival
Korner JFNS 2019
What breed is benign familial juvenile epilepsy seen in?
what type of seizures are seen?
at what age?
what is the treatment?
What is the cause?
What behavioural changes might they have?
- lagotto romangnolo
- focal onset seizures with whole body tremor, ataxia and stiffness
- start at 5-9 weeks
- spontaneous resolution at 13 weeks.
- mutation in the LG12 gene
- inattention and excitability like ADHD
Jokinen JVIM 2015
What are the reported survival times for dogs with brain tumours treated:
- symptomatically
- surgically
- radiation?
Symptomatic: 65d
Surgical: 312d
Radiation: 351d
Hu JVIM 2015
What are the clinical signs characterizing canine cognitice dysfunction?
- aimless wandering
- staring into space
- avoiding patting
- difficulty finding food
- anxiety
Schutt JVIM 2015
Does the use of phenobarb or bromide change the clearance of levetracetam? And what does this suggest?
Pheno alone or in combo with bromide causes increased keppra clearance => may need to increase dose of levetracetam
bromide didn’t have that effect.
Munana JVIM 2015
What are the two hormonal based patterns of seizures seen in entire female dogs and why?
- during heat - consistent with increased oestroge. oestrogen has proconvulsant effects
- at the end of diestrus - corresponding to drop in progesterone which has a protective effect against seizures
Van Meervenne JVIM 2015
What recommendations may be considered for italian spinone presenting with seizures and why?
- prevalence is higher than general pop (5.3% compared to 0.6%)
- more severe phenotype with icreased euthanasi due to poor control and shorter survival with dogs that have cluster seizures.
Commence antiepileptic medications after second seizure rather than the >3 seizures as usually recommended as this may improve survival
De Risio JVIM 2015
What percentage of patient with supratentorial herniation had no clinical signs of herniation?
75% had no signs of brain herniation
Lewis JVIM 2016
What breed can degenerative encephalopathy with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder be seen in? at what age do signs start? what are the clinical signs? what are the MRI findings what is the likely cause? what is the prognosis?
- Nova scotia duck tolling retrievers
- 2m to 5 years start of signs
- present with episodes of marked movement during sleep, increased anxiety, noise phobia and gait abnormalities
- MRI - symmetical , progressively increasing T2 weighted image intensity within the caudate nuclea consistent with necorsis secondary to gray matter degeneration
- suspected axonal dystrophy due to autosomal recessive hereditary disease
- prognosis guarded - minimal response.
Barker JVIM 2016
What neurological neurological syndrome are Toyger cats potentially predisposed to?
What is the mode of inheritance?
What visiable physical abnormality was associated with affected individuals?
Forebrain commissural malformation, ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cysts
- austosomal recessive inheritance
- short pinnae and domed craniums.
Keating JVIM 2016
What are the recommendations for commencement of AEDs in dogs?
- identifiable structural lesion, or prior history of brain disease or injury
- Acute repetitive seizures or SE >5m, >/= 3 sezirue in 24h
- > /=2 seizures in 6 months
- Prolonged, severe or unusual postictal periods.
ACVIM consensus 2016
What drugs are recommended as first line monotherapy in dogs with seizures?
- phenobarb
- imepitoin
ACVIM consensus 2016
What are the 6 stages of feline temporal lobe epilepsy that can be seen?
Where in the brain do these ictal signs originate from?
- attention response
- Arrest
- Salivation/licking
- Facial twitching
- Head turining or nodding
- Generalized clonic convulsions.
Ictal signs are due to abnromalities in hippocampus, amygdala or lateral temproal cortex
Kitz JVIM 2017
What are the clinical signs of juvenile onset hereditary ataxia in scottish terriers?
What cells are affected?
When does this first start?
What causes it?
- cerebellar dyfunction
- severe loss of purkinje cells, depleation of granule cells and atrophy of the molecular as well as polyglucosan body accumulation in cerebellar cortex
- onset within first year, but slow progression
- associated with mutation in CFA X
Urkasemsin JVIM 2017
Which is more effective at terminating status epilepticus:
- intranasal midazolam
- rectal diazepam
- intravenous midazolam
intranasal midazolam - stopped SE in 70% while rectal diazepam only stopped SE in 20%.
Charalambous JVIM 2017
Intranasal midazolam stopped SE in 76% of cases compared to IV midazolam in 61% of cases.
Intranasal was also faster - 33s to stop, vs 64s and total time was shorter (100s vs 270s)
Charalambous JVIM 2019
What is the treatment for paroxysmal dyskinesia in border terriers?
- hypoallergenic gluten-free diet.
Stassen JVIM 2017
Bartonella can be associated with CNS granulomas. Is PCR on CSF a useful way to detect this?
No - none detected. May represent these does didnt have bartonell, it was in the CNS but not CSF or was insufficient numbers for detection by PCR?
Bartner JVIM 2017
What is the prevalence of dogs presenting with seizures at primary care vets in the UK?
Which dogs are more likely to be affects?
0.8% prevalence most likely affected are: - male - pugs 3-6 years - over 40kg
Erlen JVIm 2018
What are the clinical signs of GM2 Gangliosidosis Sandhoff disease?
What mutation is it associated with?
- ataxia
- intention tremor
- falling
Homozygous deletion of 3 adjacent base pairs in the HEXB gene.
Wang JVIM 2018
What MHC class and immune cells are seen in MUO and what might this be the result of?
MHC Class II
CD3+ Tcells
suggestive of delayed hypersenstivity reaction.
Hoon-Hanks JVIM 2018
What vessel is transcranial doppler ultrasound performed on?
What measurement is useful to assist in the diagnosis of intracranial hypertension using this method?
- basilar artery
- ratio of systolic to diastolic mean velocity was higher in those with MRI evidence of intracranial hyeprtension and structural disease.
Sasoka JVIM 2018
What breeds are most likely to develop SRMA?
What percentage had 1+ relapse?
What was associated with reduced QOL in these dogs?
Golden retriever Bernese Mountain dog Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Boxer Beagle
48% had relapse
QOL was associated with steroid side effects, at higher dosages but these did not improve clinical outcomes…
Lau JVIM 2019
