Neuro - MOTOR CONTROL 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the corpus striatum include? what are the roles of these components?

A

caudate and putamen, they are the input zone of the basal ganglia

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2
Q

the corpus striatum receives information from the cortex via which pathway?

A

corticostriatal pathway (multiple parallel pathways with different function)

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3
Q

what is the functional consequence of cortical activation of the putamen?

A

excitation

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4
Q

what is spasticity a result of?

A

due to removal of cortical suppressive influences

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5
Q

in the refinement loop;

where does the bulk of subcortical input (basal ganglia) go to? what way does it take to get there?

A

it goes to area 6 using ventral lateral nucleus in dorsal thalamus

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6
Q

which muscle movements does the putamen allow?

A

limbs and trunk

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7
Q

which muscle movements does the caudate allow?

A

eye movement

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8
Q

is the signal sent from cortex to putamen excitatory or inhibitory?

A

excitatory

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9
Q

is the signal sent from putamen to globus pallidus excitatory or inhibitory?

A

inhibitory

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10
Q

is the signal normally sent from globus pallidus to lateral ventral nuclei (LVo) excitatory or inhibitory?

A

inhibitory

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11
Q

is the signal sent from LVo to SMA excitatory or inhibitory?

A

excitatory

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12
Q

what is the FUNCTIONAL consequence of cortical activation of the putamen?

A

excitation

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13
Q

when is the final GO signal given?

A

when the SMA is boosted beyond a certain threshold by the basal ganglia

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14
Q

what does dopamine do?

A

enhances cortical inputs through the ‘direct’ pathway and suppresses inputs through the ‘indirect’ pathway

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15
Q

what are the clinical signs of hypokinesia?

A

slowness, difficulty to make voluntary movements, increased muscle rigidity, tremors of hand and jaw

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16
Q

which disease presents with hypokinesia?

A

Parkinson’s

17
Q

what is the cause of Parkinson’s?

A

profound loss of caudate, putamen and globus pallidus

18
Q

what elements are involved in the portico-ponto-cerebellar projection which connects the cortex, pontine nuclei and cerebellum?

A

layer 5, area 4 and 6 and somatosensory cortex

19
Q

what impact does the input of the cerebellum have on the movement?

A

direction, timing and force