Neuro - CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

Question 1

what is the name of the dura mater separating the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 1

falx cerebri

Question 2

what is the name of the white mater structure connecting the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 2

corpus callosum

Question 3

which groove separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 3

central sulcus

Question 4

which groove separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobes?

Answer 4

lateral sulcus

Question 5

which groove is located in the occipital cortex?

Answer 5

lunate sulcus

Question 6

what ridge lies directly anterior to central sulcus and is the location of primary motor cortex?

Answer 6

precentral gyrus

Question 7

what ridge lies directly posterior to central sulcus and is the location of primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 7

postcentral gyrus

Question 8

what ridge is located inferior to lateral sulcus and is responsible for the reception and processing of sound?

Answer 8

superior temporal gyrus

Question 9

which groove separates the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobe anteriorly?

Answer 9

parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 10

what fibres compose the corpus callosum? what do these fibres do?

Answer 10

commissural fibres, connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 11

is the corpus callosum white or grey matter?

Answer 11

white matter

Question 12

which groove separates the frontal and parietal lobes on the medial wall of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 12

cingulate sulcus

Question 13

where is the insular cortex?

Answer 13

deep within the lateral sulcus

Question 14

which part of the cerebral cortex is motor?

Answer 14

anterior

Question 15

which part of the cerebral cortex is sensory?

Answer 15

posterior

Question 16

what does the limbic system do?

Answer 16

storage and retrieval of processed information

Question 17

where is the primary motor cortex? what area (number)?

Answer 17

precentral gyrus, area 4

Question 18

where the motor speech area? what area (number)? what is the other name for this area?

Answer 18

inferior frontal gyrus, area 44, 45, Broca’s area

Question 19

what is the role of the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 19

cognitive function of higher order (intellect, judgement, prediction, planning)

Question 20

where is the primary sensory area? what area (number)?

Answer 20

post-central gyrus, area 3, 1, 2

Question 21

what does the superior parietal lobule do?

Answer 21

general sensory info interpretation, conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

Question 22

what does the inferior parietal lobule do?

Answer 22

language function in dominant hemisphere, interface between somatosensory cortex, visual and auditory association area

Question 23

where is the primary auditory cortex? what area (number)? what is the other name for this area?

Answer 23

superior temporal gyrus, reas 41, 42, the other name is Heschl’s convolutions

Question 24

where are the auditory association areas? in the dominant hemisphere, what is this area called?

Answer 24

posterior to 41, 42, Wernicke’s area

Question 25

what does the inferior temporal gyrus do?

Answer 25

receives fibres from the olfactory tract

Question 26

where is the primary visual cortex? what area (number)?

Answer 26

medial surface of occipital lobe, either side of calcarine sulcus, area 17

Question 27

where is the association visual cortex? what area (number)?

Answer 27

rest of the occipital lobe, areas 18, 19

Question 28

what constitutes the limbic lobe?

Answer 28

• cingulate gyrus,
• hippocampus (medial aspect of temporal lobe),
• parahippocampal gyrus,
• amygdala (subcortical grey matter close to temporal pole)

Question 29

what do association fibres do?

Answer 29

connects one part of the cortex with another (same cortex)

Question 30

what do projection fibres do? what do they pass through?

Answer 30

run between the cerebral cortex and the various subcortical centres, they pass through the corona radiata and the internal capsule

Question 31

what is the purpose of the internal capsule? what are its boundaries?

Answer 31

purpose: derives blood supply from the middle cerebral artery

medial boundraies: thalamus and caudate nucleus

lateral boundaries: lentiform nucleus

Question 32

list the basal ganglia. What is the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 32

caudate nucleus, (the one with the tail)

putamen, (meaning the hard shell)

globus pallidus, (the pale globe)

substantia nigra, (functionally but not anatomically) (the black substance)

subthalamic nucleii

the lentiform nucleus is the hard shell (laterally) and the globe (medially). Together they form a lens-like structure

Question 33

which of the basal ganglia are the input regions and which are the output regions?

Answer 33

input regions: caudate nucleus, putamen

output regions: globus pallidus, substantia nigra

Question 34

what is the purpose of the basal ganglia?

Answer 34

initiation and termination of movement