neuro (L1) Flashcards
what makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Brain
* Spinal cord
what makes up the brain
– cortex and subcortex
what is the spinal cord housed in
– housed in the spinal column;
describe how (aferent) sensory information enters the spinal cord
sensory information enters the CNS via the dorsal
portion of the spinal cord;
describe how (efferent) motor information exits the spinal cord
motor commands exit the CNS via the ventral portion of the spinal
cord
anterior in the CNS is also known as
anterior = rostral
posterior in the CNS is also known as
posterior = caudal
superior in the CNS is also known as
superior = dorsal
inferior in the CNS is also known as
inferior = ventral
what does lateral mean
• Lateral – toward the side
what does medial mean
• Medial – toward the midline
what does ipsilateral mean
• Ipsilateral – on the same side
what does contralateral mean
• Contralateral – on the opposite side
what are the terms for slices of the brain:
– Horizontal
– Coronal
– Sagittal
_ Axial is when it is not 100% horizontal it will be on a slight angle
describe how the Cerebral Cortex is divided up into sections
Cerebral cortex is divided into two hemispheres (left and right).
Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes: – frontal lobe – parietal lobe – occipital lobe – temporal lobe
Insular cortex is hidden inside the
lateral sulcus.
what does the longitudinal fissure separate
• Longitudinal Fissure – separates the two hemispheres
what does the lateral sulcus separate
• Lateral Sulcus – separates the temporal
lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes
what does the central sulcus separate
• Central Sulcus – separates the frontal and
parietal lobes
describe the major gyri of the frontal lobe
• Frontal Lobe – 3 gyri (superior, middle,
inferior) run anterior-posterior, meeting
the precentral gyrus at the precentral
sulcus
describe the major gyri of the temporal lobe
• Temporal Lobe – superior, middle, and
inferior gyri
describe the major gyri and sulcus of the parietal lobe
• Parietal Lobe – postcentral gyrus;
intraparietal sulcus (IPS) separates the
superior and inferior portions of the
parietal lobe
what is the corpus callosum
• Corpus Callosum – main fibre tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
where is the cerebellum
• Cerebellum – large structure attached to the dorsal aspect of the brain stem
Helps to orientate you
list some subcortical structures
thalamus and basal ganglia
what are the main structures of the basal ganglia
• Basal Ganglia (main structures):
- Caudate Nucleus (Goes from frontal lobe to temporal lobe, a C shaped structure)
- Putamen
- Globus Pallidus
what are the structures in the brain stem
• Brain Stem Structures
- Midbrain
a. Superior Colliculi
b. Inferior Colliculi - Pons
- Medulla
what is the ventricular system
• The ventricular system consists of inter-connected
cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
what are the major divisions of the ventricular system
– Lateral Ventricles (C structures)
– IIIrd Ventricle
– Cerebral Aqueduct
– IVth Ventricle
what is white matter
• White Matter – axons; myelin is white
what is grey matter
• Grey Matter – cell bodies
what is brodmann’s Map of the Cerebral Cortex
• Brodmann’s map is based on differences in the microscopic appearance of the cortex.
therefore if you were talking about area 17 in the brain you could use this map to look and see what area they were talking about
compare Gross Anatomy versus Scans
- For scans, left and right are reversed.
* This does not apply to gross anatomy
in what cut of the brain would you see the corpus callosum
Mid sagittal cut
how can you tell the difference between the posterior and anterior of the brain stem
the posterior is bumpy
there are a lot of structures that come off the brain stem. what are these
white matter tracts
