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PSYC 211 > neuro (L1) > Flashcards

neuro (L1) Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)

A
  • Brain

* Spinal cord

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2
Q

what makes up the brain

A

– cortex and subcortex

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3
Q

what is the spinal cord housed in

A

– housed in the spinal column;

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4
Q

describe how (aferent) sensory information enters the spinal cord

A

sensory information enters the CNS via the dorsal

portion of the spinal cord;

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5
Q

describe how (efferent) motor information exits the spinal cord

A

motor commands exit the CNS via the ventral portion of the spinal
cord

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6
Q

anterior in the CNS is also known as

A

anterior = rostral

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7
Q

posterior in the CNS is also known as

A

posterior = caudal

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8
Q

superior in the CNS is also known as

A

superior = dorsal

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9
Q

inferior in the CNS is also known as

A

inferior = ventral

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10
Q

what does lateral mean

A

• Lateral – toward the side

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11
Q

what does medial mean

A

• Medial – toward the midline

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12
Q

what does ipsilateral mean

A

• Ipsilateral – on the same side

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13
Q

what does contralateral mean

A

• Contralateral – on the opposite side

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14
Q

what are the terms for slices of the brain:

A

– Horizontal
– Coronal
– Sagittal
_ Axial is when it is not 100% horizontal it will be on a slight angle

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15
Q

describe how the Cerebral Cortex is divided up into sections

A

Cerebral cortex is divided into two hemispheres (left and right).

Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes:
– frontal lobe
– parietal lobe
– occipital lobe
– temporal lobe

Insular cortex is hidden inside the
lateral sulcus.

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16
Q

what does the longitudinal fissure separate

A

• Longitudinal Fissure – separates the two hemispheres

17
Q

what does the lateral sulcus separate

A

• Lateral Sulcus – separates the temporal

lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

18
Q

what does the central sulcus separate

A

• Central Sulcus – separates the frontal and

parietal lobes

19
Q

describe the major gyri of the frontal lobe

A

• Frontal Lobe – 3 gyri (superior, middle,
inferior) run anterior-posterior, meeting
the precentral gyrus at the precentral
sulcus

20
Q

describe the major gyri of the temporal lobe

A

• Temporal Lobe – superior, middle, and

inferior gyri

21
Q

describe the major gyri and sulcus of the parietal lobe

A

• Parietal Lobe – postcentral gyrus;
intraparietal sulcus (IPS) separates the
superior and inferior portions of the
parietal lobe

22
Q

what is the corpus callosum

A

• Corpus Callosum – main fibre tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

23
Q

where is the cerebellum

A

• Cerebellum – large structure attached to the dorsal aspect of the brain stem

Helps to orientate you

24
Q

list some subcortical structures

A

thalamus and basal ganglia

25
Q

what are the main structures of the basal ganglia

A

• Basal Ganglia (main structures):

  1. Caudate Nucleus (Goes from frontal lobe to temporal lobe, a C shaped structure)
  2. Putamen
  3. Globus Pallidus
26
Q

what are the structures in the brain stem

A

• Brain Stem Structures

  1. Midbrain
    a. Superior Colliculi
    b. Inferior Colliculi
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
27
Q

what is the ventricular system

A

• The ventricular system consists of inter-connected

cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

28
Q

what are the major divisions of the ventricular system

A

– Lateral Ventricles (C structures)
– IIIrd Ventricle
– Cerebral Aqueduct
– IVth Ventricle

29
Q

what is white matter

A

• White Matter – axons; myelin is white

30
Q

what is grey matter

A

• Grey Matter – cell bodies

31
Q

what is brodmann’s Map of the Cerebral Cortex

A

• Brodmann’s map is based on differences in the microscopic appearance of the cortex.

therefore if you were talking about area 17 in the brain you could use this map to look and see what area they were talking about

32
Q

compare Gross Anatomy versus Scans

A
  • For scans, left and right are reversed.

* This does not apply to gross anatomy

33
Q

in what cut of the brain would you see the corpus callosum

A

Mid sagittal cut

34
Q

how can you tell the difference between the posterior and anterior of the brain stem

A

the posterior is bumpy

35
Q

there are a lot of structures that come off the brain stem. what are these

A

white matter tracts

PSYC 211 (26 decks)

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