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Neuro > Neuro Intro > Flashcards

Neuro Intro Flashcards

Week 1

1
Q

Fiber origin of sympathetic division

A

thoracolumbar region of spinal cord (thoracolumbar outflow)

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2
Q

Fiber origin of parasympathetic division

A

brain and sacral spinal cord (craniosacral outflow)

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3
Q

Lengths of preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in sympathetic

A

short, long

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4
Q

Lengths of preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in parasympathetic

A

long, short

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5
Q

Location of ganglia for sympathetic

A

close to spinal cord

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6
Q

Location of ganglia for parasympathetic

A

visceral effector organ

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7
Q

Gray matter composition and location in the brain and spinal cord

A

neuron cell bodies; outer portion of cerebrum and throughout all parts of brain; inner portion of spinal cord

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8
Q

What is white matter mostly made up of?

A

myelinated axons (covered in glial sheath)

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9
Q

Where is white matter in the spinal cord and brain?

A

outer portion; inner portion throughout brain

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10
Q

What’s the glial sheath?

A

myelin that covers white matter

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11
Q

What is a collection of neuronal cell bodies in PNS?

A

ganglion

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12
Q

Whats a bundle of fibers in the PNS?

A

nerve

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13
Q

What a collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS?

A

nucleus

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14
Q

What’s a bundle of fibers in the CNS?

A

tract

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15
Q

Why is the longitudinal axis of the forebrain tilted forward?

A

cephalic flexure from embryogenesis

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16
Q

Above the midbrain…anterior=?

A

rostral

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17
Q

Above the midbrain…posterior=?

A

caudal

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18
Q

Above the midbrain…superior=?

A

dorsal

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19
Q

Above the midbrain…inferior=?

A

ventral

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20
Q

Below the midbrain…anterior=?

A

ventral

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21
Q

Below the midbrain…posterior=?

A

dorsal

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22
Q

Below the midbrain…superior=?

A

rostal

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23
Q

Below the midbrain…inferior=?

A

caudal

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24
Q

Gyri and sulci are a part of what?

A

cortex in the telencephalon

25
Q

The largest is the internal capsule that contrains fibers passing to and from the cerebral cortex

A

subcortical white matter of telencephalon

26
Q

This part of the telencephalon is involved in motor function

A

basal nuclei (ganglion)

27
Q

All sensory info except for what travels to the cerebral cortex through the thalamus?

A

olfaction

28
Q

Relay center

A

thalamus

29
Q

What helps create smooth purposeful movements? What input does it recieve?

A

thalamus; pathways with positino sense and tension in muscle or tendons

30
Q

What functions is the hypothalamus involved in? (4)

A

sexual behavior, feeding, hormonal output of pituitary gland, body temperature regulation

31
Q

What are the thalamus and hypothalamus a part of?

A

diencephalon

32
Q

What is the brainstem connected to the cerebellum by?

A

cerebellar peduncles

33
Q

What structures make up the brainstem?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, part of the central canal, 4th ventricle, cerebral aqueduct

34
Q

What contains the respiratory and cardiovascular centers?

A

brainstem

35
Q

What part of the motor system coordinates activity to produce smooth, purposeful synergistic movements?

A

cerebellum

36
Q

What type are the most mammalian neurons? Describe its structure

A

multipolar- several dendrites and axon collaterals arising off single axon from a cell body

37
Q

Describe bipolar neurons.

A

single dendrite and single axon

38
Q

Describe pseudounipolar neurons

A

single process that bifurcates into 2 processes

39
Q

Describe unipolar neurons

A

single process, most common in invertebrates

40
Q

What do glial cells include in the CNS?

A

astrocytes (macroglia), microglial cells, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells

41
Q

What do glial cells include in the PNS?

A

schwann cells and satellite cells

42
Q

What direction is afferent?

A

toward

43
Q

What direction is efferent?

A

away

44
Q

What is the simplest reflex arc and what is it composed of? When is it used?

A

monosynaptic reflex arc composed of 2 neurons for involuntary response to sensory input

45
Q

areflexia

A

lack reflex

46
Q

hyporeflexia

A

weakend reflex

47
Q

hyperreflexia

A

excessive active reflex

48
Q

Whats the difference between a pathway and a system?

A

a pathway refers to a series of neurons that carry a specific type of information; a system refers to all the neurons in a pathway that conducts a specific type of information

49
Q

Upper motor neurons project…

A

from cerebral cortex down to the spinal cord or brainstem

50
Q

Lower motor neurons are located…

A

in the ant. gray horns or brainstem motor nuclei

51
Q

What detects stimulus and cell body is in the dorsal root canglion?

A

primary neuron

52
Q

What acts as a relay and is located in either the spinal cord or brainstem?

A

secondary neuron

53
Q

What neuron is housed in the thalamus?

A

tertiary neuron

54
Q

Symptom

A

experienced by the pt

55
Q

Sign

A

observed by the health care professional

56
Q

Where is the lesion when defects are on the same side of the head and body?

A

cerebral hemisphere

57
Q

Where is the lesion when the defect is on opposite side of the body and head?

A

brainstem

58
Q

Where is the lesion when there are only deficits in the body?

A

spinal cord

Neuro (7 decks)

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