Blood Supply Flashcards
Where does the arterial supply to the brain derive from?
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
What does the ant. circulation of the brain?
internal carotid a.
Branches of internal carotid a.
anterior and middle cerebral
What are the anterior cerebral aa. connected by?
anterior communicating a.
What supplies the posterior brain?
vertebral aa.
What forms the basilar a.? Where?
vertebral aa. uniting at the caudal border of pons
What divides into 2 posterior cerebral aa.?
basilar a. as it ascends the clivus
ICA- ophthalmic artery
enters orbit through optic canal; orbital and ocular groups
Orbital group of ophthalmic a. of ICA
lacrimal, ant. and post ethmoidal, supraorbital, internal palpebral, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal
Ocular group of opthalmic a. of ICA (5)
central artery of retina, long and short posterior ciliary, ant. ciliary and muscular
What happens when there is an interruption of blood flow in ophthalmic artery?
loss of vision in ipsilateral eye
What do branches of the posterior communicating artery supply?
hypophysis (pituitary gland), infundibulum and parts of the hypothalamus, thalamus and hippocampus
What does the anterior choroidal artery of the ICA supply?
choroid plexus in inf. horn of lat ventricle, optic tract and parts of the int. capsule, hippocampal formation, globus pallidus and lateral portions of thalamus
What does the anterior cerebral artery of the ICA supply?
medial aspect of cerebral hemisphere, postcentral and precentral gyri, olfactory bulb and precentral gyri, olfactory bulb and tract, anterior hypothalamus, and parts of caudate nucleus, int. capsule, putamen, and septal nuclei
Branches of ACA (7)
ant. communicating, medial striate, orbital branches, frontopolar branches, callosomargnial, pericallosal, internal parietal
What supplies the ant. hypothalamus?
Ant. communicating a.
What supplies the anteriomedial part of the head of caudate nucleus and parts of int. capsule, putamen and septal nuclei?
medial striate artery (recurrent artery of heubner)
Branches of the ACA
orbital, frontopolar, callosomarginal, pericallosal, internal parietal
Terminal branch of ICA
middle cerebral artery
What does the middle cerebral artery supply?
temporal, frontal, parietal, occipital lobes and insula
M2 occlusion may cause what?
issues with gustation and viscerosensory cognitive processing
Occlusion in M4 of ICA will result in what?
deficits to UE and face
branches of middle cerebral artery (10)
lenticulostriate, orbitofrontal, precentral (pre-Rolandic), central (rolandic), anterior and posterior parietal, angular and ant. middle and posterior temporal
Occluding the temporal vessels of the middle cerebral artery will result in what deficits?
auditory and associative functions
What does the vertebro-basilar circulation supply?
medulla, pons, mesencephalon and cerebellum
What is the vertebral artery a branch of?
subclavian artery
Branches off the vertebral artery (3)
anterior spinal artery, PICA (posterior inf. cerebellar artery) and posterior spinal artery
What does the posterior spinal arty supply?
caudal medulla
What does the anterior spinal artery supply
medial medulal
what does the PICA supply?
lateral medulla and vermal region and inf. lateral surface of cerebellar hemisphere
Branches of basilar artery? (5)
ant. inf. cerebellar a. (AICA), labyrinthine (int. auditory) a., pontine aa., sup cerebellar a., posterior cerebral arteries
Branches of the pontine a. (3)
paramedian aa., short circumferential aa., long circumferential aa.
Occlusion of the calcarine a. would result in what deficit?
primary visual function and visual association
Branches of the posterior cerebral aa. (7)
ant. and post. temporal and parieto-occipital branches, calcarine a., thalamogeniculate, medial and lat. posterior choroidal branches
What branch of the posterior cerebral a. supplies the medial thalamus and 3rd ventricle walls?
thalamogeniculate
What is the cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis) formed by? ant. to post.
ant. communicating a., anterior cerebral aa., internal carotid aa., posterior communicating aa., posterior cerebral aa.,
What provides blood to deprived areas when blood flow is reduced in the ICA or vertebro-basilar system?
collateral circulation in circle of willis
What does the circle of willis supply when it is patent? (10)
hypothalamus, hypophysis, infundibulum, thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, int. capsule, globus pallidus, choroid plexus (lateral ventricle), temporal lobe
What is a watershed area?
area that is supplied by 2+ aa.
advantage of watershed area
if one artery has blood flow interruption, the other a. can compensate
disadvantage of watershed area
when there is global reduction in blood flow to the brain the perfusion of the brain tissue in watershed areas is decreased and tissue is more susceptible to ischemia and stroke
what are the watershed areas?
ACA-MCA, MCA-PCA
