Blood Supply

Question 1

Where does the arterial supply to the brain derive from?

Answer 1

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Question 2

What does the ant. circulation of the brain?

Answer 2

internal carotid a.

Question 3

Branches of internal carotid a.

Answer 3

anterior and middle cerebral

Question 4

What are the anterior cerebral aa. connected by?

Answer 4

anterior communicating a.

Question 5

What supplies the posterior brain?

Answer 5

vertebral aa.

Question 6

What forms the basilar a.? Where?

Answer 6

vertebral aa. uniting at the caudal border of pons

Question 7

What divides into 2 posterior cerebral aa.?

Answer 7

basilar a. as it ascends the clivus

Question 8

ICA- ophthalmic artery

Answer 8

enters orbit through optic canal; orbital and ocular groups

Question 9

Orbital group of ophthalmic a. of ICA

Answer 9

lacrimal, ant. and post ethmoidal, supraorbital, internal palpebral, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal

Question 10

Ocular group of opthalmic a. of ICA (5)

Answer 10

central artery of retina, long and short posterior ciliary, ant. ciliary and muscular

Question 11

What happens when there is an interruption of blood flow in ophthalmic artery?

Answer 11

loss of vision in ipsilateral eye

Question 12

What do branches of the posterior communicating artery supply?

Answer 12

hypophysis (pituitary gland), infundibulum and parts of the hypothalamus, thalamus and hippocampus

Question 13

What does the anterior choroidal artery of the ICA supply?

Answer 13

choroid plexus in inf. horn of lat ventricle, optic tract and parts of the int. capsule, hippocampal formation, globus pallidus and lateral portions of thalamus

Question 14

What does the anterior cerebral artery of the ICA supply?

Answer 14

medial aspect of cerebral hemisphere, postcentral and precentral gyri, olfactory bulb and precentral gyri, olfactory bulb and tract, anterior hypothalamus, and parts of caudate nucleus, int. capsule, putamen, and septal nuclei

Question 15

Branches of ACA (7)

Answer 15

ant. communicating, medial striate, orbital branches, frontopolar branches, callosomargnial, pericallosal, internal parietal

Question 16

What supplies the ant. hypothalamus?

Answer 16

Ant. communicating a.

Question 17

What supplies the anteriomedial part of the head of caudate nucleus and parts of int. capsule, putamen and septal nuclei?

Answer 17

medial striate artery (recurrent artery of heubner)

Question 18

Branches of the ACA

Answer 18

orbital, frontopolar, callosomarginal, pericallosal, internal parietal

Question 19

Terminal branch of ICA

Answer 19

middle cerebral artery

Question 20

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 20

temporal, frontal, parietal, occipital lobes and insula

Question 21

M2 occlusion may cause what?

Answer 21

issues with gustation and viscerosensory cognitive processing

Question 22

Occlusion in M4 of ICA will result in what?

Answer 22

deficits to UE and face

Question 23

branches of middle cerebral artery (10)

Answer 23

lenticulostriate, orbitofrontal, precentral (pre-Rolandic), central (rolandic), anterior and posterior parietal, angular and ant. middle and posterior temporal

Question 24

Occluding the temporal vessels of the middle cerebral artery will result in what deficits?

Answer 24

auditory and associative functions

Question 25

What does the vertebro-basilar circulation supply?

Answer 25

medulla, pons, mesencephalon and cerebellum

Question 26

What is the vertebral artery a branch of?

Answer 26

subclavian artery

Question 27

Branches off the vertebral artery (3)

Answer 27

anterior spinal artery, PICA (posterior inf. cerebellar artery) and posterior spinal artery

Question 28

What does the posterior spinal arty supply?

Answer 28

caudal medulla

Question 29

What does the anterior spinal artery supply

Answer 29

medial medulal

Question 30

what does the PICA supply?

Answer 30

lateral medulla and vermal region and inf. lateral surface of cerebellar hemisphere

Question 31

Branches of basilar artery? (5)

Answer 31

ant. inf. cerebellar a. (AICA), labyrinthine (int. auditory) a., pontine aa., sup cerebellar a., posterior cerebral arteries

Question 32

Branches of the pontine a. (3)

Answer 32

paramedian aa., short circumferential aa., long circumferential aa.

Question 33

Occlusion of the calcarine a. would result in what deficit?

Answer 33

primary visual function and visual association

Question 34

Branches of the posterior cerebral aa. (7)

Answer 34

ant. and post. temporal and parieto-occipital branches, calcarine a., thalamogeniculate, medial and lat. posterior choroidal branches

Question 35

What branch of the posterior cerebral a. supplies the medial thalamus and 3rd ventricle walls?

Answer 35

thalamogeniculate

Question 36

What is the cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis) formed by? ant. to post.

Answer 36

ant. communicating a., anterior cerebral aa., internal carotid aa., posterior communicating aa., posterior cerebral aa.,

Question 37

What provides blood to deprived areas when blood flow is reduced in the ICA or vertebro-basilar system?

Answer 37

collateral circulation in circle of willis

Question 38

What does the circle of willis supply when it is patent? (10)

Answer 38

hypothalamus, hypophysis, infundibulum, thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, int. capsule, globus pallidus, choroid plexus (lateral ventricle), temporal lobe

Question 39

What is a watershed area?

Answer 39

area that is supplied by 2+ aa.

Question 40

advantage of watershed area

Answer 40

if one artery has blood flow interruption, the other a. can compensate

Question 41

disadvantage of watershed area

Answer 41

when there is global reduction in blood flow to the brain the perfusion of the brain tissue in watershed areas is decreased and tissue is more susceptible to ischemia and stroke

Question 42

what are the watershed areas?

Answer 42

ACA-MCA, MCA-PCA