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Neuro > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of work/function does the cerebellum do?

A

sensorimotor integration

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2
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

maintaining balance and posture, regulating eye movement, coordinating ongoing movement/sequencing in time/space, motor planning and learning, coordination and sequencing of cognitive processing

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3
Q

Lesions in the cerebellar leads to what?

A

ataxia- uncoordinated movements

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4
Q

Key number for the structures in the cerebellum?

A

3

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5
Q

What are the structures of the cerebellum?

A

3 pairs of cerebellar peduncles, 3 lobes, 3 functional and anatomical divisions, 3 cell layers in the cerebellar cortex

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6
Q

How many cerebellar nuclei are in the core of the white matter?

A

4

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7
Q

What is the exception to the rule of 3 for the cerebellum?

A

there are 4 cerebellar nuclei

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8
Q

How is the cerebellum anchored to the brainstem?

A

peduncles

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9
Q

What are the lobes and fissures of the cerebellum?

A

anterior lobe, primary fissure, posterior lobe, posterolateral fissure, flocculonodular lobe, horizontal fissure

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10
Q

What are the components of the flocculonodular lobe?

A

flocculus and nodule

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11
Q

What are the zones of the cerebral cortex?

A

vermis (medial), intermediate (paravermis), hemisphere (lateral)

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12
Q

What are the nuclei of the cerebellar?

A

fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate

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13
Q

Which cerebellar nuclei inhibits target GABA?

A

fastigial nucleus

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14
Q

What nuclei’s action is to excite targets using glutamate or aspartate?

A

globose, emboliform and dentate nuclei

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15
Q

What supplies the medial part of inf. cerebellum?

A

PICA

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16
Q

What supplies the lateral areas of inf. cerebellar surface?

A

AICA

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17
Q

What supplies the nuclei and the superior and middle cerebellar peduncles of the cerebellum?

A

superior cerebellar artery

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18
Q

What type of cell is in the intermediate layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

purkinje cells

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19
Q

What type of cells are in the deep layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

granule cell

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20
Q

What are the only cells that exit the cerebellar cortex?

A

purkinje cells

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21
Q

What is the function of golgi cells?

A

inhibitory interneurons deep to purkinje cells

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22
Q

What are the inhibitory interneurons of the molecular layer?

A

stellate and basket cells

23
Q

What are the excitatory neurons in the cerebellar cortex that form parallel fibers that synapse on the purkinje cell dendrites?

A

granule cells

24
Q

What fiber types ascend through cerebellar white matter to form excitatory synapses onto dendrites of granule cells and golgi cells?

A

mossy fibers

25
Q

What do climbing fibers synapse with?

A

10 purkinje cells

26
Q

What modulates the output of the cerebellar cortex?

A

multilayered fibers

27
Q

What is the central element of the cerebellar glomerulus and what is it modulated by?

A

mossy fiber rosette; golgi cells

28
Q

What is a mossy fiber rosette?

A

many branches in granular layer at terminal of mossy fiber rosette in a cerebellar glomerulus

29
Q

Where does the input to the cerebellum come from?

A

mossy and climbing fibers

30
Q

What is the output from the cerebellar cortex?

A

purkinje cells

31
Q

What is the output from the deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

via deep cerebellar neurons

32
Q

What are the 3 functional cerebellar modules?

A

vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, pontocerebellum

33
Q

What functional module regulates balance & eye movement and causes balance, gait, trunk ataxia and eye movement problems if lesioned?

A

vestibulocerebellum

34
Q

What functional cerebellar module regulates body and limb movements, anticipates body position during movement and can cause gait instability if lesioned?

A

spinocerebellum

35
Q

What functional cerebellar module is involved in learning and planning movement and evaluating proprioception information?

A

pontocerebellum

36
Q

What does a lesion of the pontocerebellum cause?

A

dysmetria and breakdown fo motor timing

37
Q

What is the cerebellar nuclei of the vestibulocerebellum?

A

fastigial nucleus

38
Q

What is the cerebellar nuclei of the spinocerebellum?

A

globose and emboliform nuclei

39
Q

What is the cerebellar nuclei of the pontocerebellum?

A

dentate nucleus

40
Q

Where is the vestibulocerebellum?

A

flocculonodular lobe

41
Q

Where is the spinocerebellum?

A

ant. lobe and vermal and paravermal zones of the cortex

42
Q

Where is the pontocerebellum?

A

post. lob

43
Q

In addition to the vestibulocerebellar fibers bringing input to the vestibulocerebellar inputs, what else provides input?

A

olivocerebellar fibers and pontocerebellar fibers

44
Q

What are the major fts of damage to the vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodule lobe)?

A

truncal ataxia (unsteady learching gait) and nystagmus and deficits in pursuit eye movement

45
Q

The tracts of the spinocerebellum inputs differ how?

A

posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tracts are for LE and caudal trunk; cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tracts are for UE

46
Q

Other inputs to cerebellum (4)

A

olivocerebellar fibers, pontocerebellar fibers, vestibulocerebellar and reticulocerebellar fibers

47
Q

The spinocerebellum output is for what control?

A

axial musculature and limb control

48
Q

Damage to the pontocerebellum (lateral cerebellum)

A

unsteady gait and leaning/falling to a side, ataxia in extremities, dec. tendon reflexes and muscle tone

49
Q

Cerebellar lesions cause what relative to the lesion?

A

ipsilateral ataxia, unsteady gait (truncal ataxia) and eye movement abnormalities with vertigo, nausea and vomiting and ataxia of the limbs (appendicular ataxia)

50
Q

Types of tremor

A

intention tremor and static tremor

51
Q

intention tremor

A

obvious when pt voluntarily moves toward target

52
Q

static tremor

A

when pt stands with UE extended there is a rhythmic movement of shoulders and UE

53
Q

In addition to tremors from a cerebellar lesion what are other clinical signs?

A

can’t do heel-to-shin test, heel-to-toe test or finger-nose-finger test due to dysmetria (past pointing, over/undershooting), eye movement abnormalities such as nystagmus, disdiadochokinesia and ataxia

54
Q

What is disdiadochokinesia?

A

clinical sign of cerebellar lesion when pt has difficulty performing rapid, alternating movements such as pronation-supination

Neuro (7 decks)

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