Neuro Examination

Question 1

Define neurolocalization

Answer 1

Localizing a lesions within a specific part of the nervous system

Question 2

List the 3 locations where a neurologic lesion can be in

Answer 2

• brain
• spinal cord
• neuromuscular

Question 3

The level of awareness of a patient is ________________-

Answer 3

mentation

Question 4

Give an example of mentation status

Answer 4

BAR, QAR, obtunded, stuporous, comatose

Question 5

Obtunded means?

Answer 5

reduced responsiveness to stimuli

Question 6

If a patient is described as stuporous, it means it is?

Answer 6

Only responsive to noxious stimuli

Question 7

What is used to assess a comatose patient?

Answer 7

Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MCGS)

Question 8

What is a patient termed ambulatory?

Answer 8

Is able to walk without assistance on at least 3 limbs for minimum of 3-5 steps without falling

Question 9

When a patient won’t stop moving around and head presses into objects, it is termed?

Answer 9

Compulsive gait

Question 10

Lack of coordination/control of movement is:

Answer 10

Ataxia

Question 11

List the 3 different ataxias and describe them

Answer 11

• proprioceptive: spinal cord dysfunction
• vestibular: vestibular dz; leaning, falling to the side
• cerebellar: cerebellum lesions, hypermetria

Question 12

What is the function of a UMN?

Answer 12

carry voluntary mov commands from brain to SC

Question 13

What is the function of the LMN?

Answer 13

carry signals from SC to muscle

Question 14

What are some signs associated with UMN?

Answer 14

hyperreflexia, spasticity, slow atrophy

Question 15

LMN signs

Answer 15

paralysis, fast atrophy/focal

Question 16

What are the 3 things used to describe UMN/LMN signs?

Answer 16

RAT (reflexes, atrophy, tone)

Question 17

What is the term used for reduced voluntary control?

Answer 17

Paresis

Question 18

What is the term used for absent voluntary control?

Answer 18

Paralysis

Question 19

What is the difference btw head turn and head tilt?

Answer 19

Head turn: whole head is abnormally turned
Head tilt: one side lower than the other

Question 20

What is a cause of a truncal sway?

Answer 20

Cerebellar dysfunction

Question 21

Tetanus or C1-C5 myelopathy are associated with what posture abnormality?

Answer 21

Sawhorse stance

Question 22

List the 3 types of back posture abnormalities

Answer 22

• scoliosis
• kyphosis
• lordosis

Question 23

Diabetic cats are usually seen in a ________________ stance

Answer 23

plantigrade

Question 24

If a patient has a disk herniation, what is a possible presentation of it?

Answer 24

Chair sitting

Question 25

Decerebrate posture is described as:

Answer 25

Head and all limbs EXTENDED

Question 26

Decerebellate posture is described as:

Answer 26

Head and forelimbs extended + Pelvic Limbs FLEXED

Question 27

Describe the appearance of Schiff-Sherrington Posture

Answer 27

- head and Thoracic limb extended with paralysis of pelvic limns

Question 28

What is the most sensitive proprioceptive test?

Answer 28

Proprioceptive placing/knuckling

Question 29

Describe tactile placing

Answer 29

Cover patient's eyes, bring top of paws to edge and they should lift the paw to the top of the table

Question 30

List some proprioceptive tests

Answer 30

- hopping - wheelbarrow - extensor postural thrust -hemiwalking

Question 31

What reflex is termed as a test for the whole enlargement?

Answer 31

Withdrawal reflex

Question 32

T/F you should always test for nociception

Answer 32

FALSE - only when needed (p is paralyzed)

Question 33

T/F withdrawal means there is pain

Answer 33

False

Question 34

If there is deficit in both limbs, where will the site of injury be?

Answer 34

C1-C5 (UMN)

Question 35

If there is a lesion in T3-L3, with deficit in the pelvic limb, it would mean upper or lower MN?

Answer 35

Upper

Question 36

L4-S3 (LMN) lesion is characterized by:

Answer 36

normal TL and deficit in pelvic limb