Neuro exam Flashcards
What signs would you see in Cerebellar disease? (6*)
Dysdiakenesis Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Slurred/staccato speech Hypotonia
What are the causes of Cerebellar disease? (5*)
MS Alcohol Vascular Inherited Space occupying lesion
What phrases can you use to assess speech? (3)
West register street
Baby hippoptamus
British constitution
When examining for cerebellar disease, what would you look for in the arms? (5)
Pronator drift (upward =cerebellar) Rebound test Hypotonia Coordination - Finger nose - Hand slapping
When examining for cerebellar disease, what would you test in the face? (4)
H test - nystagmus, occular muscle function
Saccades
Speech
Tongue side to side
When examining for cerebellar disease, what would you look for when the patient is standing up? (3)
Standing up with arms folded (truncal ataxia)
Gait and heel-toe (ataxic gait)
Rombergs test (sensory ataxia)
What are the primary symptoms in Parkinsons disease? (4*)
Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural instability
When examining for cerebellar disease, what would you look for on general inspection? (4)
Wheelchair
Neuro signs
Posture
Signs of neglect (e.g. alcohol)
When examining a patient with an UMN lesion, what would you find? (4)
Increased tone
Brisk reflexes
Spasticity
Weakness (pyramidal)
When examining a patient with an LMN lesion, what would you find? (4)
Decreased tone
Reduced reflexes
Wasting and fasiculations
Weakness
What are the causes of bilateral UMN lesions? (3*)
MS
MND
Myelopathy (spinal cord injury)
What are the causes of unilateral UMN lesions? (3 sections)
Intracranial: - CVA, SOL, MS Brain stem: - MS Spinal cord: - Trauma, SOL, Abscess, haemorrhage
What are the causes of bilateral LMN lesions, with abnormal sensation? (6*)
Vasculitis (SLE, RA) Infection (herpes zoster, HIV, leprosy, syphillis) Toxins (alocohol, TB drugs) Diabetes Inherited (Charcot-Marie-Tooth) Metabolic (B12/B1 deficiency)
What are the causes of bilateral LMN lesions, with normal sensation? (3)
Guillain Barre syndrome
Lead poisoning
Myotonic dystrophy
What are the causes of unilateral LMN lesions, with abnormal sensation? (3)
Radiculopathy
Plexopathy
Nerve palsy
What causes a homonymous hemianopia? (2)
Stroke, cerebral SOL
Where is the problem in a homonymous hemianopia? (1)
Optic tract
What causes a bi-temporal hemianopia? (4)
Pituitary tumour, cranipharyngioma, suprasellar meningioma, anurysm
Where is the problem in a bi-temporal hemianopia?
Optic chiasm
What is CN1 and how do you test for it?
Olfactory
Ask patient if they have noticed any change in smell
What is CN2 and how do you test for it?
Optic
Acuity
Fields
Reflexes
Optic disc
What is CN3 and how do you test for it?
Oculomotor
Inspect
H-test
Saccades
