Interpretations Flashcards
Which part of coagulation does PT test for?
Extrinsic and common pathway
PE
Which part of coagulation does APTT test for?
Intrinsic and common pathway
AI
Which part of coagulation does bleeding time test for?
Platelets
BP
Which part of coagulation does thrombin time test for?
Fibrinogen
TF
What diseases cause prolonged PT?
Common pathway: - Warfarin/Vit K deficiency - Liver disease - DIC Extrinsic
What diseases cause prolonged APTT?
Common pathway - Warfarin/Vit K deficiency - Liver disease - DIC Intrinsic pathway: - Factor 8 (Haemophilia A, vWD), - Factor 9 (Haemophilia B) - Factor 11 (haemophilia C) Antiphospholipid Syndrome
What diseases cause prolonged bleeding time?
Thrombocytopenia
DIC
Aspirin
What diseases cause prolonged thrombin time?
Heparin
Fibrinogen deficiency
DIC
Multiple myeloma
What is the target INR after DVT/PE?
2-3
What is the target INR after AF?
2-3
What is the target INR with aortic metallic heart valves?
2.5-3.5
What is the target INR with mitral metallic heart valves?
3-4
What is polycythemia?
Increased concentration of RBC
What can cause polycythemia?
Relative (reduced plasma volume)
- acute dehydration
- chronic (obesity, HTN, alcohol/smoking)
Absolute
- Primary: polycythemia ruba vera
- Secondary: increased EPO or chronic hypoxia
How does ALL/AML often present on a FBC?
Usually:
- Anaemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neutropenia
What is thrombocytopenia?
Low platelets
How does CML often present on a FBC?
Usually:
- Leukocytosis (high WBC)
- Mild/moderate anaemia
How does CLL often present on a FBC?
Usually:
- Lymphocytosis (high lymphocytes)
What is agranulocytosis?
Severe low white blood cell count
What drugs can cause agranulocytosis? (4*)
Carbamazepine
Clozapine
Colchicine
Carbimazole
What causes a high neutrophil count?
Bacterial infection
Inflammation
Corticosteroids
What causes a high Eosinophil count?
Allergy
Parasite infection
Drug reactions
What causes a high lymphocyte count?
Viral infection
CLL/lymphoma
What does the synacthen test measure?
Adrenal response to ACTH
What would an incremental rise of >200nmol/L and 30 min value >60nmol/L in the Synacthen test suggest?
Excludes adrenal insufficiency
