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Final OSCEs > Interpretations > Flashcards

Interpretations Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of coagulation does PT test for?

A

Extrinsic and common pathway

PE

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2
Q

Which part of coagulation does APTT test for?

A

Intrinsic and common pathway

AI

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3
Q

Which part of coagulation does bleeding time test for?

A

Platelets

BP

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4
Q

Which part of coagulation does thrombin time test for?

A

Fibrinogen

TF

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5
Q

What diseases cause prolonged PT?

A 
Common pathway:
- Warfarin/Vit K deficiency
- Liver disease
- DIC
Extrinsic
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6
Q

What diseases cause prolonged APTT?

A 
Common pathway
- Warfarin/Vit K deficiency
- Liver disease
- DIC
Intrinsic pathway:
- Factor 8 (Haemophilia A, vWD), 
- Factor 9 (Haemophilia B)
- Factor 11 (haemophilia C)
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
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7
Q

What diseases cause prolonged bleeding time?

A

Thrombocytopenia
DIC
Aspirin

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8
Q

What diseases cause prolonged thrombin time?

A

Heparin
Fibrinogen deficiency
DIC
Multiple myeloma

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9
Q

What is the target INR after DVT/PE?

A

2-3

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10
Q

What is the target INR after AF?

A

2-3

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11
Q

What is the target INR with aortic metallic heart valves?

A

2.5-3.5

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12
Q

What is the target INR with mitral metallic heart valves?

A

3-4

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13
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Increased concentration of RBC

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14
Q

What can cause polycythemia?

A

Relative (reduced plasma volume)
- acute dehydration
- chronic (obesity, HTN, alcohol/smoking)
Absolute
- Primary: polycythemia ruba vera
- Secondary: increased EPO or chronic hypoxia

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15
Q

How does ALL/AML often present on a FBC?

A

Usually:

  • Anaemia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Neutropenia
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16
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelets

17
Q

How does CML often present on a FBC?

A

Usually:

  • Leukocytosis (high WBC)
  • Mild/moderate anaemia
18
Q

How does CLL often present on a FBC?

A

Usually:

- Lymphocytosis (high lymphocytes)

19
Q

What is agranulocytosis?

A

Severe low white blood cell count

20
Q

What drugs can cause agranulocytosis? (4*)

A

Carbamazepine
Clozapine
Colchicine
Carbimazole

21
Q

What causes a high neutrophil count?

A

Bacterial infection
Inflammation
Corticosteroids

22
Q

What causes a high Eosinophil count?

A

Allergy
Parasite infection
Drug reactions

23
Q

What causes a high lymphocyte count?

A

Viral infection

CLL/lymphoma

24
Q

What does the synacthen test measure?

A

Adrenal response to ACTH

25
Q

What would an incremental rise of >200nmol/L and 30 min value >60nmol/L in the Synacthen test suggest?

A

Excludes adrenal insufficiency

Final OSCEs (18 decks)

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