Neuro Exam Flashcards
What structures can be evaluated using the menace response?
(CN II and VII and the brain)
What structures can be evaluated using the dazzle reflex?
(CN II and the brainstem)
What structures can be evaluated using PLRs?
(CN II and III)
What structures can be evaluated using the palpebral reflex?
(CN V and VII)
What cranial nerve is responsible for facial sensation?
(CN V)
Which cranial nerves provide motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression vs the muscle of mastication, both of which are important for facial symmetry?
(CN VII does muscles of facial expression, CN V does muscles of mastication)
Listed below are the roman numerals of the cranial nerves, give the anatomical name and their function (sensory, motor, or both).
- CN I
- CN II
- CN III
- CN IV
- CN V
– CN V1
– CN V2
– CN V3 - CN VI
- CN VII
- CN VIII
- CN IX
- CN X
- CN XI
- CN XII
- CN I (olfactory nerve, sensory)
- CN II (optic nerve, sensory)
- CN III (oculomotor nerve, motor)
- CN IV (trochlear nerve, motor)
- CN V (trigeminal nerve, both)
– CN V1 (ophthalmic nerve, sensory)
– CN V2 (maxillary nerve, sensory)
– CN V3 (mandibular nerve, both) - CN VI (abducens nerve, motor)
- CN VII (facial nerve, both)
- CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve, sensory)
- CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve, both)
- CN X (vagus nerve, both)
- CN XI (accessory nerve, motor)
- CN XII (hypoglossal nerve, motor)
Describe the thoracolaryngeal adductor response test (what you do, what you expect to feel), be specific.
(Slap the wither while palpating the pharyngeal region and the opposite arytenoid should abduct (so slap the left and the right should abduct))
What are all of the nervous structures associated with the thoracolaryngeal adductor response test?
(1st the cervical spinal cord takes the afferent signal from the slap to the brainstem where it says hi to the contralateral CN X nuclei and then travels along CN X as an efferent signal until it transfers to the RLN to go back to the arytenoid)
What is a grade 2 on the modified mayhew grading scale?
(The horse is consistently abnormal under special circumstances, becomes a grade 3 when they are abnormal at a basic straight line)
What is central blindness?
(When the brain doesn’t want to see anymore so normal PLRs bc the eyeballs still want to see but an absent menace because the brain politely says no and doesn’t give the signal back to the eyeballs)
For the locations below, give the signs you would see if there were a lesion there:
- Brain
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Brain (Mentation change, head pressing, circling, central blindness, and seizures)
- Brainstem (Somnolence, multiple CN deficits (bc majority of CN nuclei are located in the brainstem))
- Cerebellum (Hypermetria, intention tremors, paradoxical vestibular signs)
How can you determine whether cranial nerve deficits are due to central dz vs peripheral dz?
(Mentation usually, will be abnormal with central dz and normal with peripheral)
For the following, give which direction the head tilt will be (toward or away from the lesion) and which way the nystagmus will go (toward or away from the lesion):
- Peripheral vestibular dz
- Central vestibular dz
- Paradoxical vestibular dz
- Peripheral vestibular dz (Head tilt will be toward the lesion, nystagmus will be away)
- Central vestibular dz (Head tilt will be toward the lesion, nystagmus will be away)
- Paradoxical vestibular dz (Head tilt will be away from the lesion, nystagmus will be towards)
You are presented with a horse that has a left head tilt, a nystagmus to the right, and a lack of a palpebral response on the left, and no mentation change, is the lesion central, peripheral, or paradoxical?
(Peripheral)
